水权交易制度绩效分析

水资源的稀缺性赋予水资源可交易的商品属性。水资源时空分布的差异性、供求的不均衡性和水权主体边际资源回报率的差异。是水权交易制度存在的前提和基础。由于政府信息的不完全和不对称，传统的行政计划配水制度不能实现资源配置的高效率目标，因此借助市场机制实现水资源配置效率的帕累托最优是可行的选择。本文基于水资源的初始分配不能实现资源有效配置的假设。从理论上揭示了水权的可交易程度是限制水资源配置效率的主要因素之一，并结合优先权制度向可交易水权制度的转换，阐述了水权交易制度能够实现水资源配置高效率的目的。运用收益一成本分析法，说明了东阳-义乌水权交易实践的绩效所在。在此基础上。指明了水权交易制度能够实现交易双方利益最大化目标和政府水资源管理的目的，达到水资源配置“三赢”的结果。

Analysis on Performance of Water Rights Transaction

Scarcity of water resources endows water resources with tradable traits. The presupposition of water rights transaction is distribution differentiation of space - time, non - equilibrium of supply - demand and marginal return rate differentiation of water rights owners. Because of the incomplete and asymmetric information, traditional allocation insysten through by administration planing can not realize a high allocation efficiency of water resources, so it is a feasible choice to achieve Pareto optimum of water resources allocation through a marketing rae~hanism. Based on the hypothesis of initial allocation that cannot bring about file Pareto efficiency of water resources allocation, it is revealed that the tmdability of water rights is one of the main factors to limit water resources allocation efficiency in theory, and it is interpreted that the goal of water resources allocation efficiency can be realized with a appropriation doctrine to tradable water rights. Through analysis of the case of water fights transaction between Dongyang city and Yiwu city, the performance of tradable water rights is vengied by the way of revenue - cost. Then, it is pointed out that water rights transaction can bring about the three - winning outcome of buyer, seller and government.