协调贸易与环境的最佳途径——环境成本内部化

面对经济发展带来人类福利增加的同时所产生的日益严重的环境污染问题。国际贸易被指责为环境质量下降的原因之一．甚至连国际贸易自由化的原则也受到质疑。围绕贸易与环境可否协调以及如何协调的问题．由环境保护与贸易自由化在理论和实践中的冲突引出贸易与环境之间存在着复杂的相互作用；并通过进一步的经济学分析得出结论：环境问题的根源并不是国际贸易。而是环境成本的外部性造成的市场失灵，而国际贸易只是加重了这种市场失灵。二者可以协调发展。环境成本内部化是解决这一问题的最佳手段。通过环境成本内部化可以达到环境资源的合理配置并最终实现可持续发展。

The Best Way to Coordinate Trade and Environment: Internalization of Environmental Cost

With the main trend of economic development, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious. And international trade was blamed for the environmental deterioration. The paper discusses whether trade and environment can coordinate and how it can he realized. At first, it expatiates the conflicts between environmental protection, and analyses their complicated correlation. Through further economic analysis we can reach a conclusion that the basic reason why trade and environment conflict with each other is not free trade but the market failure made by the externality of environmental cost; and the best way of resolving this problem is to carry out internalization of environmental cost. Through cost internalization, market failures can he corrected and resources allocation can be optimized in the efficient market system. Under this condition, trade has no effect on environment, and finally makes for the sustainable development of social economy.