稻田种养结合循环农业模式生态环境效应实证分析——以南方稻区稻-鱼模式为例

稻田种养结合循环农业模式生态环境效应明显,其主要体现在节肥、节药、抑草、改善土壤和水体等方面上。本文根据对南方稻区的入户调查数据和2001-2009年中国统计年鉴、中国农村统计年鉴、中国农业统计年鉴相关统计数据及化肥农药使用量的技术标准,实证分析了稻田种养结合循环农业模式的节肥、节药的生态环境效应。调查分析显示,稻-鱼模式下农户化肥使用量比常规水稻种植模式的使用量要减少15.21%,农药使用量要减少40.17%;相关性分析表明南方稻区稻-鱼种养结合模式的稻田面积占水稻生产总面积的百分比与化肥、农药使用量之间呈负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.407 2和-0.979 9。可以看出,在稻-鱼的稻田生态系统中,土壤和水体的改善以及有害生物的减少,形成了鱼类对化肥和农药的替代关系,在稻谷产量不变甚至增产以及增加鱼类产出的情况下,农户大幅度减少了化肥和农药的使用量,因此实施扶持稻田种养结合循环农业模式策略,是改善稻区农业生态环境的重要途径。

An Analysis on the Eco-environment Effect of Circular Agriculture Mode of Planting-Culture in the Paddyfield

The obvious eco-environment effects can be seen when the circular agriculture mode of planting-culture is applied and developed in the paddy production.These are mostly reflected in the fertilizer and pesticide saving,grass curbing,and soil and water improving.This paper analyzed empirically on the eco-environmental effects of fertilizer and pesticide saving of circular agriculture mode based on household survey data of rice area in southern China and the data from China Statistical Yearbook,China Rural Statistical Yearbook,China Agriculture Statistical Yearbook,2001-2009,Technical Standards of Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Usaqe.The investigation showed that,comparing to the conventional paddy rice planting mode,15.21% and 40.17% dosage of fertilizer and pesticide in the paddy-fish mode was reduced respectively and the correlation analysis showed that there was negative correlation between the percentage of paddyfield area of paddy-fish mode to total paddyfield area and the input dosage of fertilizer and pesticide in the paddy rice area in southern China.The correlation coefficient was-0.407 2 and-0.979 9 respectively.So,in the paddyfield ecosystem of paddy-fish mode,the soil and water is improved and harmful organisms are reduced,therefore,the substitute relation between the fish and fertilizer and pesticide is formed.Farmers significantly reduce the dosage of fertilizer and pesticide use under the circumstances that the output of rice is stability or even increases and the fish output rises.It is proposed to implement the strategy of supporting circular agriculture mode of planting-culture in paddyfield.This aimed at improving the agro-ecological environment in the paddy area.