中国环境效率评价及其影响因素实证研究

环境效率是实际污染排放和潜在污染排放的一种度量。本文运用包含污染排放的环境DEA模型,测算了1998-2007年中国省际环境效率,检验了其收敛情况。结果显示,全国环境效率总体水平较低,省际、区域间差距较大,表明现阶段实行地区间减排合作、推动环保技术在区域间扩散的现实必要性;分别从20032、005年开始,省际、区域环境效率差距逐渐缩小,存在一定的收敛趋势;同时,本文采用Tobit模型分析了影响环境效率因素,研究发现人均GDP对提高环境效率具有积极影响,而工业比重上升、财政分权度的提高以及贸易自由化对环境效率具有显著的负面影响。最后,基于实证研究的结果,就减少地区污染排放、提高我国环境效率给出了相关政策建议。

Empirical Study on Evaluation and Determinants of Environmental Efficiency of China

This article measures the environmental efficiency of China based on environmental date envelopment analysis(DEA) model by using panel data of inter-provinces from 1998 to 2007 and examined convergonce of the environmental efficiency of inter-provinces and regions.The results show that the overall environmental efficiency in China is still very low and there are significant differences across provinces and regions as well. It indicates that it is very important to improve inter-regional environment co-operations and diffusing of green production technologies. The gap of the environmental efficiency among provinces was getting narrower from 2005 and to some extent the trend of convergence existed. At last, Tobit model is used to test the determinants of the environmental efficiency in China. The empirical results show that GDP per capita, industrial structure, trade openness, and fiscal decentralization have a significant effect on the environmental efficiency.Finally, some advices have been given based on the empirical research.