“十三五”中国城镇化六大转型与健康发展

新型城镇化是中国最大的潜在内需,是深化供给侧结构性改革的突破口,是引领"十三五"时期经济发展的引擎。本文在对中国城镇化深入分析的基础上,发现当前中国城镇化面临着以人为本不够、城镇化效率不高、绿色发展不够、城镇规模结构不平衡、市场化不足、协调发展不够六大问题。结合"十三五"规划纲要提出的"创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享"的新发展理念,文章认为"十三五"期间城镇化要实现健康发展,需要推动六大转型:(1)通过采取差别化落户政策和居住证制度并行的市民化二维路径,实现从以地为中心的城镇化转向以人为本的城镇化;(2)通过土地价格市场化、提升人力资本、避免重复投资和过度投资来提高土地、劳动、资本的使用效率,实现从低效利用要素的城镇化转向高效率和高质量的城镇化;(3)通过转变经济发展方式和提升城市管理水平,实现从"高耗能、高排放、高污染"的城镇化转向人口、资源、环境可持续发展的绿色城镇化;(4)通过依托城市群这一平台,实现从规模结构不合理、大中小城市不协调的城镇化转向城市群一体化高效发展、大中小城市协调发展、规模效应和集聚效应充分发挥的城镇化;(5)通过转变政府职能,发挥市场机制在资源配置中的决定性作用,实现从"政府主导"的城镇化转向"市场主导、政府引导"、民间资本作用充分发挥的城镇化;(6)通过推动信息化和工业化深度融合、工业化和城镇化良性互动、城镇化和农业现代化相互协调,实现从城镇化与工业化、信息化、农业现代化发展不协调、产城脱节转向"四化同步"、产城融合的发展方式。

Transformation and development of urbanization in China during the13th Five Year Plan period

Urbanization has great potential for boosting domestic demand and it is also the breakthrough point to deepen supply-side structural reform.Therefore, it is significant for economic growth promotion during the 13th Five Year Plan period.Based on the analysis of Chinese urbanization, this paper finds that there are still many problems in the process of urbanization at present, such as the ignorance of citizens' welfare, inefficiency, pollution, unbalanced urban structure, inadequate marketization and uncoordinated development.According to the new development ideas of 'Innovation, Coordination, Green Development, Opening-up and Sharing' put forward in the 13th Five Year Plan, this paper suggests that systematic transformation should be implemented in China:①Land-centered urbanization should be transformed to people-oriented urbanization through two-dimensional citizenization path which includes differentiated settlement policies and residence certificate system.②The urbanization with inefficient utilization of production factors like labor, land, capital should be replaced by high-efficient and high-quality urbanization via the marketization of land price, the improvement of human capital, the prevention of repeated and over investment.③The urbanization with 'high energy consumption, high discharge and high pollution' should be converted into the urbanization with sustainable development of human, resource and environment by transforming economic development pattern and upgrading urban management level.④The urbanization with irrational structure and uncoordinated development of large, medium-sized and small cities should be transformed to the urbanization with coordinative development of large, medium-sized and small cities.Urban agglomeration should be the main approach to solve the problem of structural unbalance and increase the total number of small and medium-sized cities the total number of small and medium-sized cities.⑤The 'government-leading' urbanization should be changed to the urbanization of 'marketing-leading and government-adjusting' by means of transforming government function and stressing the decisive role of market mechanism in the allocation of resources.⑥The synchronization among urbanization and industrialization, informatization, agricultural modernization is essential to ensure the coordinate and integrated development.It requires the fusing of informatization and industrialization, benign interaction between industrialization and urbanization, inter-coordination of urbanization and agricultural modernization.