环境约束下中国省际水资源两阶段效率及影响因素研究

本文把水资源利用系统分为水资源利用阶段和污染物处理阶段,在环境规制下采用考虑非期望产出的两阶段SBM模型,对2001—2014年中国31个省级行政区的水资源利用整体效率和各阶段效率进行测度,并利用空间自相关分析方法对中国各地区水资源利用整体效率的时空特征进行分析,然后运用考虑空间效应因素的空间滞后计量模型和空间误差计量模型从人均水资源量、工业用水量、生活用水量、人均GDP、对外开放程度、产业结构、技术进步等方面对各地区水资源利用整体效率的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)整体上看水资源利用第一阶段效率明显高于第二阶段效率,而整体效率接近于第二阶段效率,第二阶段效率决定了水资源利用整体有效性。(2)通过各阶段投入产出冗余来看,水资源污染物产出过多和处理不足是导致第二阶段效率不高的原因。(3)水资源利用整体效率的空间自相关强度显著大于0,在空间上呈现集聚分布特征,东部沿海地区为H-H集聚类型,中部和西部为L-L集聚类型。(4)各地区水资源利用整体效率存在空间溢出效应,一个地区的整体效率不仅受本地区因素影响,还受临近地区整体效率的影响。(5)在考虑和不考虑空间效应的计量估计结果中,工业用水量对整体效率产生显著的负向影响,而人均GDP、对外开放程度对整体效率产生显著的正向影响。根据实证结果,得出以下结论:一是加强水资源污染物排放管理,增强污水处理能力;二是实现高效工业用水,减少工业用水量;三是发挥各地区水资源禀赋优势,加强区域合作,优化水资源区域配置,促进经济-环境协调可持续发展。

Two-stage utilization efficiency of the interprovincial water resources under environmental constraint and its influence factors in China

Water resource utilization system can be divided into water resource utilization and pollution processing subsystem.This paper proposes a considering the undesirable output SBM efficiency evaluation model under environmental regulation based on the slack two-stage model.Taking advantage of the input and output data of 31 provincial administrative region in China from 2001 to 2014,considering regional two-stage water resources utilization process,the overall China's regional water resource utilization efficiency and each stage efficiency are measured.And the space-time characteristics of the overall efficiency of the regional water resource utilization in China are analyzed with the spatial autocorrelation analysis method.We employ spatial lag and spatial error econometric model under considering spatial effect and analyzing the influence factors of the overall efficiency of water resources utilization from the per capita water resources,industrial water,living water consumption,per capita GDP,the degree of opening to the outside world,the industrial structure,technological progress and other aspects.The results shows that:① From an overall perspective,the first stage efficiency is significantly higher than the second phase water resources utilization efficiency,and the overall efficiency is close to the second stage efficiency,the second stage efficiency determines the overall effectiveness of the water resources utilization.② Through each stage slack of input and output,the problems of excessive output of water pollutants and poor handling water pollutants are the cause for the low second the second stage efficiency.③ The spatial autocorrelation intensity of overall efficiency of water resources utilization is significantly greater than zero,and overall efficiency of water resources utilization presents the characteristic of concentration distribution in the space;the eastern coastal region has concentration of H-H type,and the central and western regions of L-L type.④ The overall efficiency of water resources utilization has spatial spillover effects,and a region's overall efficiency is not only affected by regional factors,but also affected by heighbouring overall efficiency.⑤ Through spatial econometric models,the results show that industrial water consumption has a significantly negative impact on overall efficiency of water resources utilization,and per capita GDP as well as the degree of opening to the outside world have a significantly positive impact on overall efficiency of water resources utilization in China.According to the above empirical results,the conclusions as following:First,strengthening water pollutants discharge management,and enhancing the capacity of sewage treatment.Second,achieving industrial water with high efficiency and reducing industrial water consumption.Third,giving full play to advantages of regional water resources endowment,strengthening regional cooperation,optimizing regional water resources allocation,and promoting the coordination of economic and environmental sustainable development.