产业精准扶贫作用机制研究

在精准扶贫的国家战略下,产业扶贫被赋予了新的内涵,承担起贫困户的"造血"功能,成为精准扶贫的核心,本文将其概括为"产业精准扶贫"。与已有研究不同,文章以产业精准扶贫与传统产业扶贫的区别以及产业精准扶贫怎样发挥作用这一科学问题为研究对象,综合运用了实地观察法、问卷调查法和深度访谈法,从微观尺度研究产业精准扶贫的作用机制。研究表明:(1)与传统产业扶贫停留在村一级或者大户层面不同,产业精准扶贫将产业透过村庄到农户,而且与贫困户的土地、资本和劳动力等生产要素有机地结合起来。(2)产业精准扶贫作用机制是通过利益相关方共同对土地、资本和劳动力等生产要素进行匹配的过程。产业精准扶贫突显了贫困户的主体性作用,着重强调贫困户自身拥有的土地、劳动力要素的参与,真正建构了多主体、多要素参与的长效机制。(3)产业精准扶贫是一个共同参与的过程。农户或是入股、务工或是自己发展产业,积极参与到农业生产中,通过政府引导、企业管理、村两委参与,促进贫困户参与在生产过程中,就产业过程中的事项达成共识,促进了贫困户的公民精神培育、实用技术掌握和思想观念转变。(4)产业精准扶贫是实现贫困人口增收发展的有效路径,但仍需注意风险防患。扶贫信息发布、帮扶单位责任人等扶贫利益相关者的组织和传播,为企业和社会资本进入贫困村奠定基础,但是,也相应地增加了产品销售问题和产业自然灾害的风险,产业贴补和金融扶持政策的稳定性也会影响产业精准扶贫的运行和成效。因此,要相应地加强对扶贫产业风险的预警,规避和降低产业扶贫风险。

The mechanism of the industrialization of precise poverty alleviation

Industrial poverty (IP) has become the core of precise poverty alleviation (PPA) due to the national strategy for poverty alleviation.We call it ‘industrialization of precise poverty alleviation (IPPA) ’ in the article for the first time.Different from existing research,we aim to explore the mechanism of IPPA based on difference between IPPA and traditional IP.Field survey and theoretical deduction are used in the paper.The research shows that:First,different from the traditional IP,IPPA mode should be penetrated into farmers crossing the village level.Poor households' land,capital,labor and other essential productive factors are combined organically to the industry.Second,the mechanism of IPPA is a process that various stakeholders,including governments,companies,village committees,etc.,bring their production components and also their advantages into industry.IPPA highlights the significant roles of poor households,emphasizes participation of poor rural households' land,labor and establishes the long term mechanism involving various subjects and various components.Third,poor households are coached to improve their ability of self-development,set up the goals,and ultimately get rid of poverty and take sustainable development of social economy.IPPA is a common participating process,in which the issues to reach a consensus,the civil spirit and the ability to rich were cultivated,both material and spirit.Fourth,IPPA is an effective way to increase the income of the poor,but also needs to avoid risks.Industrial development plan is released by the local government or its department for the impoverished village,lays the foundation for the company and social capital into the impoverished village,but meanwhile,it will increase the risk of product market and natural disasters,and industrial subsidize stability and financial policies will affect the operation and effectiveness of IPPA greatly.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the risk prevention and early warning of the industry to avoid or reduce the risk of industry.