山东半岛城市群人居环境质量综合评价

随着中国城市化的高速发展,"城市病"问题日益突出,城市群作为统筹区域协调发展、建设宜居人居环境的重点地区,其人居环境发展状况备受关注。基于此,本文以山东半岛城市群为例,从人文环境、经济环境、社会环境和生态环境4个方面构建人居环境质量综合评价指标体系,利用人居环境质量计算模型和系统协调度模型,对其人居环境质量进行静态定量化评价和动态综合性评价。研究表明:(1)山东半岛城市群人居环境质量与社会环境的关联性最大,经济实力、基础设施水平时空发展不均衡、地域差异大,是制约山东半岛城市群人居环境发展的突出问题。(2)2000—2014年山东半岛城市群人居环境综合水平呈现良好的上升趋势,且增速较稳,增幅较小;各要素间的协调性均达到了中级协调等级;系统层的评价值除人文环境外,均呈现不同程度的波动式上升态势;领域层的评价值差异明显,发展不均衡。(3)城市群内部各城市人居环境综合质量水平逐步提高,且排名相对稳定;各要素间的协调度等级差异较小,但起伏变化较大;人居环境质量时空分异特征明显,呈现东西高、中间低的格局,内部级别差异显著,可分为较好、一般、较差、差4个等级。在今后的发展中,应针对山东半岛不同城市人居环境问题采取因时因地制宜的协调对策,创造整体最优人居环境。不仅要提高城市群的整体经济水平,提升城市群的短板建设,推动人居环境协调发展,还要符合新常态下城市发展与建设的要求,加快山东半岛城市群的区域创新体系构建,科学引领产业转型升级,优化产业结构,加强山东半岛城市规划研究与实施力度,探索"多规合一"模式。

Comprehensive evaluation of living environment in Shandong Peninsula agglomeration

Due to rapid development of urbanization in China,the problem of ‘ urban disease’ becomes more and more prominent.As a key area of coordinating regional development and building the livable living environment,the living environment of urban agglomeration has been paid much attention to.Taking the urban agglomeration of Shandong Peninsula as an example,this article constructed the comprehensive evaluation index system of living environment quality in four aspects of the humanistic environment,economic environment,social environment and ecological environment,and made the static quantitative evaluation and the dynamic comprehensive evaluation of quality of living environment using the settlements environmental quality calculation model and system coordination degree model.The research showed that:①The quality of living environment and the social environment had the largest relevance in the urban agglomeration of Shandong Peninsula,and uneven development of economic strength and infrastructure level in spatial and temporal,great regional difference are the prominent problems which restrict the development of the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration.②The comprehensive level of human settlements in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration showed a great upward trend,and the growth rate was relatively stable with small increase range from 2000 to 2014.The coordination reached the intermediate coordinate level among the elements.In addition to the humanistic environment,the evaluation values of each system layer showed a fluctuating upward trend in different degrees.The evaluation value of the domain layer was obviously different and unbalanced.③The overall quality of living environment in the cities gradually improved,and the ranking is relatively stable.The hierarchical difference of the coordination degree among the elements was small,but the fluctuation was Iarge.The spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of human settlement quality were obvious,showing the pattern of ‘ east and west were high and middle was low’.The internal level difference was remarkable,which can be divided into four grades including better,general,poor,worse.Some coordinated measures based on the local conditions in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration should be taken to create the overall optimal living environment in the future development.Not only to improve the overall economic level of the urban agglomeration,enhance the short-board construction,promote the coordinated development of human settlements,but also to meet the requirements of urban development and construction under the new normal,accelerate the construction of regional innovation system in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration,lead industrial transformation and upgrading,optimize the industrial structure,strengthen the planning research and implementation,and explore the ‘ multi-standard one ’ model.