煤炭资源开采环境污染物影子价格的估计——基于安徽煤炭企业的调查数据

环境污染物的影子价格体现了污染物的边际减排成本,是政府制定公共环境政策的重要依据。本文在环境技术的基础上,扩展了传统的产出方向性距离函数方法,进而构建了能够将多种环境污染物的影子价格进行综合估测新的影子价格模型。采用这种新的模型方法和安徽煤炭开采和洗选企业的样本数据,对煤炭资源开采利用过程中排放的三种主要环境污染物——废水、废气和固体废物的影子价格进行了估计。结果发现,2009年,安徽煤炭开采和洗选企业所排放的废水、废气和固体废物的平均影子价格分别为0.021 6万元/t、0.031 37万元/t和0.178 48万元/t。这三种环境污染物的影子价格存在差异,反映出安徽煤炭开采企业处理不同环境污染物所面临的环境成本是不同的。环境行为监管者在做出环境规制决策前要充分考虑到这个前提。

Estimating Shadow Pricing of Environmental Pollutants from Coal Mining Industry:Based on the Investigation Data of Anhui's Coal Enterprises

Shadow prices of environmental pollutants indicate the marginal abatement cost,and they are the important basis for the government to formulate public environmental policies.On the basis of environmental technology,this paper extends the traditional output directional distance function approach,and then constructs a new shadow price model which could make a comprehensive estimation of multiple environmental pollutants.Using this new method and the sample data of Anhui’s coal mining and dressing enterprises,the paper estimates the shadow prices of three pollutants from the process of coal mining emissions: waste water,waste gas and solid waste.The results show that the shadow price of waste water,waste gas and solid waste discharged by Anhui’s coal mining and dressing enterprises,is 216 Yuan/t,313.7 Yuan/t and 1 784.8 Yuan/t,respectively.The shadow prices of these three kinds of environmental pollutants are different,which reflects that the cost to deal with different environmental pollutants faced by Anhui’s coal mining enterprises is different.Environmental regulators should take it into consideration before their decision-making on environmental regulations.