环境分权、环境规制对农业面源污染的影响

环境规制是实现农业面源污染减排的重要手段,而科学合理地划分环境管理权力是夯实环境规制减排绩效的制度基础。厘清环境分权、环境规制与农业面源污染三者之间的关系对优化环境管理体制和促进农业绿色发展具有重要的理论与现实意义。鉴于此,文章将环境规制、环境分权和农业面源污染纳入同一分析框架,基于2005—2017年省际面板数据,构建动态面板模型和面板门槛模型,实证考察了环境分权、环境规制与农业面源污染的内在联系。研究结果显示:①环境规制是抑制农业面源污染的重要手段;环境分权、环境监察分权和环境监测分权对农业面源污染具有显著的正向作用,环境行政分权对农业面源污染则表现为负向作用。②环境事务管理权力的下放将恶化环境规制的农业面源污染减排效应,引发“绿色悖论”效应,其中环境监察分权和环境监测分权的影响尤为突出。③从区域层面来看,中西部地区环境事务管理权力下放引发的“绿色悖论”效应显著,而东部地区则不显著。④环境规制对农业面源污染的影响随环境分权程度的变化呈现出门槛特征。伴随环境分权程度的提高,环境规制对农业面源污染的影响由“援助之手”转为“攫取之手”。因此,为解决日益严重的农业面源污染,应制定差异化的环境分权策略。一方面,环境行政权力应适当下放,而环境监察和环境监测权力要逐步上移;另一方面,进一步压缩中西部地区环境政策自由裁量空间,加大农业环境考核与监督力度。同时,建立长期动态农业面源污染监测体系,形成联防联控治理格局。

Environmental decentralization,environmental regulation and agricultural non-point source pollution

Environmental regulation is an important way to achieve agricultural non-point source pollution reduction,and it is an institutional foundation to ensure environmental regulation effect by decentralizing the environmental management authority scientifically.Clarifying the relationship between environmental decentralization,environmental regulation and agricultural non-point source pollution has important theoretical and practical significance for optimizing the environmental management system and promoting agricultural green development.This article incorporated environmental regulations,environmental decentralization,and agricultural non-point source pollution into the same analysis framework.Based on China’s provincial panel data from 2005 to 2017,this paper investigated the intrinsic connection of environmental regulation,environmental decentralization and agricultural non-point source pollution by using the dynamic panel model and panel threshold model.The research results showed that:①Environmental regulation was an important way to suppress agricultural non-point source pollution;environmental decentralization,environmental inspection decentralization and environmental monitoring decentralization had significant positive effects on agricultural non-point source pollution,while environmental administrative decentralization might have negative effects.②The decentralization of environmental affairs management authority would aggravate the environmental regulation of agricultural non-point source pollution reduction effect,triggering the‘green paradox’effect,of which the impact of environmental supervision decentralization and environmental monitoring decentralization was particularly prominent.③From a regional perspective,‘the green paradox’effect caused by the decentralization of environmental affairs management authority in the central and western regions was significant,while the eastern region was not.④The impact of environmental regulations on agricultural non-point source pollution would present threshold characteristics with the degree of environmental decentralization changes.With the increasing degree of environmental decentralization,the impact of environmental regulations on agricultural non-point source pollution changed from a‘helping hand’to a‘grabbing hand’.Therefore,in order to solve the increasingly serious agricultural non-point source pollution,a differentiated environmental decentralization strategy should be established.On the one hand,the environmental administrative decentralization should decrease,while the environmental inspection and monitoring decentralization should increase.On the other hand,we should further reduce the discretionary space of environmental policies in the central and western regions,and strengthen agricultural environmental assessment and supervision.Apart from that,a long-term dynamic agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring system should be established to improve the joint pollution prevention and control mechanism.