部分国家碳减排方案及其基本依据

二氧化碳是导致全球气候变暖最重要的温室气体．碳减排是缓解温室效应的一项重要措施．因而成为全球变化研究中的热点。在分析国际上主要利益集团中主要代表国家的碳减排方案的基础上．分析各个集团不同减排方案的基本依据。欧盟主张对灵活性机制的运用予以严格限制．强调发达国家应将主要精力放在本土的减排上．强烈反对允许以参与灵活机制来替代降低排放指标。伞形集团要求实施自由的排放权交易和灵活执行KP，主张对其应用不加任何限制．这是伞型国家的主要利益交合点。发展中国家共有的主要观点为：支持严格执行京都议定书．强调“共有但有区别的责任”的减排原则，认为发达国家应对温室气体排放负最大的责任并应率先减排。

Study on Carbon Dioxide Reduction Schemes of Major Countries and Their Bases

Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas causing climate change. Carbon dioxide reduction is an important measure to mitigate greenhouse effect and so becomes a hotspot on global climate change research. This paper introduced typical schemes to reduce greenhouse emission from the aspects of several major countries which are the British, France, The United States, Japan, Canada and India or country groups including European Union, JUSSCANNZ and Group of 77 and China, This paper analyzed their bases. European Union claims strict limits should be set on the flexible mechanisms, for the developed countries should put their major efforts to reduce domestic greenhouse emission. They protest that the countries reduce their mitigation standard by participating flexible mechanisms. Jusscannz puts great emphasis on flexible mechanism. Those countries request enforcing flexible emission market and Kyoto Protocol. No limit on the flexible mechanism is copula of the J usscarmz. The developing countries require that Kyoto Protocol should be carried out strictly, and the principle is that both the developed and the developing countries should take different responsibilities for the greenhouse mitigation, for the developed countries should take more responsibility for the mitigation and take the lead in reducing greenhouse gases. We expect China will provide a scientific basis and referential value to establish the scheme. Facing more and more pressure from abroad, China should make preparations for greenhouse mitigation. China takes the responsibility and obligation it the mitigation, for it is always a responsible country. China can consider the integrated mitigation index, including emission per GDP and emission per capita, so that it will strive for the upper hand in the climate negotiation and make great contribution to the global environmental protection in the future.