宁夏盐池县生态保护政策对农户的影响

生态保护政策能否真正起到作用。在很大程度上取决于能否被农户在经济利益上所接受。盐池县的草原退化和沙漠化问题严重，主要是由于人类不合理经济活动造成的。近年来盐池县采取了一系列的生态保护政策，并开始实行草原禁牧的政策，以保护和恢复草原生态环境。农户调查的研究结果表明。目前的生态保护政策并不成功。90％以上的农户仍然在草原上偷牧，禁牧使农户收入减少是导致该政策失败的根本原因。虽然农户的生态意识较为理性，但是目前的生态保护政策与农户经营行为之间至少存在两大矛盾：一是，生态效益长期性与农户追求短期效益的矛盾；二是，生态环境外部性与农户小农意识之间的矛盾。

Environmental Protection Policy Effect on Households: A Case Study as Yanchi County

The effect of environmental protection policy relies on its economic benefits to the households in the area. The problem of grassland degradation and sandy desertification in Yanchi county of Ningxia province is very serious. It is argued that the main reason of these problems is the irrational human economic activities. In the recent years, a series of environmental protection policies has been adopted to protect and retore the degraded grassland. And the grassland has been prohibited to graze in the county sice November 1,2002. However, the results of this study shows that most of these policyies are not very successful, and now nearly 90 percent of households still graze their sheep and goats on the prohibited grassland. They have no other income sources except grazing on the grassland. Although households have a satisfied sense of ecological environment from our investigation, there are at least two important conflicts between the environmental protection policy and household behavior. The first one is that the benefit from environmental protection takes a long time, while households in this region need immediate economic benefit. And the second one is the conflict between environmental externalities and householders' selfish behavior.