天津市工业行业全要素能源效率变动的影响因素分析

天津市作为一个典型的工业城市,工业行业能源效率水平决定了其能否完成"十二五"期间单位生产总值能耗比"十一五"末下降18%的国家节能降耗考核目标。正确把握影响工业行业能源效率变动的因素是天津市寻求节能降耗途径的关键。本文以1998-2008年天津市工业行业的能源消耗面板数据为样本,通过引入非参数Malmquist生产率指数,从技术进步、纯技术效率和规模效率指数角度分析天津市工业行业全要素能源效率变化情况,并运用Tobit模型估计工业化水平、工业内部结构、技术进步、产权结构、政府影响力、进出口贸易和能源消费结构等要素对工业行业全要素能源效率变化的影响程度。研究表明:1998-2008年期间,天津市工业行业间的能源效率差异显著,整体全要素能源效率不断提高,技术进步是其提高的主要原因,但技术效率表现为负增长;工业化水平、技术进步、进出口贸易和能源消费结构的调整对工业行业能源效率的提升具有不同程度的促进作用,但重工业和国有经济比重的增加及政府对能源市场的干预对能源效率的提升起负向作用。因此,天津市工业行业能源效率的进一步提高,需要大力开发、推广和使用先进技术及设备,加强对外开放力度,降低重工业和国有经济比重,充分发挥市场调节能源配置的优势。

Research on the Influencing Factors of Industrial Sectors’ Total Factor Energy Efficiency Changes in Tianjin

Whether Tianjin,as a typical industrial city,can implement the assessment of national energy saving target that energy consumption per unit of GDP will decrease 18% during the 12th Five-Year Plan compared to the end of the 11th is determined by the level of industrial energy efficiency.The key for Tianjin to searching the way of energy saving is accurately grasping the factors that affect the changes of industrial energy efficiency.By using the panel data of industrial energy consumption in Tianjin during 1998-2008 as samples and employing nonparametric Malmquist index of productivity,we analyze the changes of industrial total factor energy efficiency from the perspective of technical progress,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency index,and apply the Tobit model to estimate the degree of effect made by the factors such as industrialization standard,internal structure of industry,technical progress,influences of government,import and export trade as well as energy consumption structure on the change of industrial total factor energy efficiency in this paper.The study indicates that: during 1998-2008,difference of energy efficiency among industries in Tianjin is obvious and the wholeness of total factor energy efficiency improves constantly mainly because of technical progress,while the technique efficiency shows negative growth;the adjustment of industrialization standard,import and export,technical progress and energy consumption structure have varied degrees of simulative impact on the promotion of industrial energy efficiency,while government intervention in energy market and the increasing proportion of heavy industry and state-owned economy have negative impact on it.Therefore,it is necessary for further improvement in industrial energy efficiency in Tianjin to forcefully develop,extend and use advanced techniques and equipment,intensify opening up,decrease the proportion of heavy industry and state-owned economy and take advantage of market regulation of energy configuration adequately.