城市创新能够驱散雾霾吗?--基于空间溢出视角的检验

中国多城市群大范围持续遭遇雾霾等空气环境问题,不仅严重影响着人民生活健康,同时成为制约中国社会经济发展的主要瓶颈。创新驱动作为引领发展的重要源泉,是治理城市雾霾的重要手段。因此,本文利用2004—2016年中国地级市PM_2.5浓度、创新等数据,基于STIRPAT模型,通过空间计量方法在同时考虑空间横向维度及时间纵向维度下就中国城市创新对雾霾的影响进行了实证分析,并进一步从城市创新对雾霾的动态效应、作用距离阈值等多个角度进行了稳健性检验。实证结果表明:①中国城市雾霾污染呈现明显的空间溢出效应和高排放俱乐部集聚特征。②中国城市创新具有积极的减霾作用。从横向空间维度来看表现为积极的空间溢出效应,但存在一定的有效距离阈值。从纵向时间维度来看,减霾效应整体存在边际递减态势。③交通便利化及能源效率的提高有效抑制了城市雾霾污染的加剧,以煤为主的能源结构仍是城市雾霾污染加剧的一大诱因。基于上述事实,本文提出以下政策建议:中国在城市雾霾治理过程中应实施科学规划,布局联防联控。防止城市"单边"治霾努力成果被周边城市的"泄漏效应"所削减;聚集创新要素,打造创新型城市引擎。在城市群内部形成创新竞争、合作机制,创新重塑城市群发展模式以缓解城市雾霾污染;考虑到城市创新对于雾霾治理红利存在边际递减态势,除上述减霾渠道外,治霾政策仍需坚持从源头着手,优化产业、能源结构,促进能效、路效提高,最终成就美丽城市。

Can city innovation dispel haze?:evidence from the perspective of spatial spillover

Many cities in China have continued to suffer from air pollution problems such as haze.It not only seriously threatened people’s welfare and health,but also became the main bottleneck restricting China’s social and economic development.As a main driving force of development,innovation-driven strategy is an important means to control city haze.Therefore,this paper uses the STIRPAT model and spatial econometric method to empirically test the impact of China’s city innovation on haze based on the data of Chinese cities in 2004-2016.We have further carried out robustness test from the perspective of dynamic effect and effective distance of China’s city innovation on haze.The results show that:①China’s city haze pollution presents obvious spatial spillover effects and high-emission club agglomeration characteristics.②China’s city innovation has a positive role in reducing haze.From the horizontal dimension of space,it shows positive spatial spillover effect,but there is an effective distance threshold.From the vertical dimension of time,the effect shows a marginal decreasing trend.③The traffic improvement and the increasing energy efficiency have effectively curbed the deterioration of haze pollution.The coal-based energy structure is still the major reason for heavy haze pollution.Based on the above facts,we propose the following policy recommendations:First,Chinese government should implement scientific planning and layout inter-regional prevention and control to prevent the negative spatial spillover effect.Second,the government should promote competition and cooperation mechanisms in city agglomerations,which aim to reshape the city agglomeration development model and control haze pollution.At last,because of the diminishing marginal dividends of innovation on haze governance,we should pay attention to optimize the industry and energy structure,improve energy efficiency and city traffic efficiency,and ultimately achieve the goal of building beautiful cities.