环境保护视角下的食物里程研究

随着全球环境问题日趋严峻,可持续发展越来越重要,食品与环境如何相互影响,食品生产和消费过程中的碳减排问题,日益受到人们的广泛关注。"食物里程"通过考察食品从生产到餐桌的距离,量化食品生产、运输、消费过程的碳排放,考察食品对环境的影响,该指标得到政府、食品加工厂、贸易商、消费者、环保主义者和学者普遍关注。本文从食物里程的内涵着手,系统阐述食物里程概念的形成与发展,介绍食物里程的两种计算方法,包括投入产出-生命周期法和供应链中的能源使用等,食物里程涉及到碳排放的三个公认的评估标准:1PAS 2050,联合国气候变化框架公约清洁发展机制,ISO/CD 14067。在此基础上,本文从食物里程的价值角度、消费者角度及国际贸易角度对国内外相关研究进行系统的归纳与总结,提出未来的研究方向主要在于合理界定食物里程的内涵,科学利用食物里程改变生产和消费方式,从而改善环境,防止食物里程成为新的国际贸易壁垒。

Review of the Research on Food Miles Under Environmental Protection

With global environment becoming a pressing issue,the food miles debate rapidly morphed into the sustainable development debate.What is the relationship between food and environment? The energy and carbon emission in the food supply chain attracts wide concerns.The "food mile" concept is based on the rather simplistic notion that the further food travels between farm and plate,the greater must be its negative environmental impact.This concept got much attention from the government of each country,food traders,consumers,environmentalists and researchers.This paper tended to start from the connotation of food miles,systematically described the formation and development of the concept,and introduced two measuring methods of food miles: the IO-LCA and the energy use in supply chain.It then introduces three major standards concerning with carbon emission in food mile: 1PAS 2050,UNFCCC/CDM and ISO/CD 14067.It summarized three research areas for food miles: the production behavior,the consumption behavior and international trade.It proposed that the future research should focus on properly define the concept of food mile,use this concept to pilot the food supply and prevent food miles to be the new international trade barriers.