Biocultural diversity in traditional rice-based agroecosystems: indigenous research and conservation of mavo (Oryza sativa L.) upland rice landraces of eastern Indonesia |
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Authors: | Jeanine M Pfeiffer Sisilia Dun Bonafantura Mulawarman Kevin J Rice |
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Institution: | (1) Ethnobotanical Conservation Organization for South East Asia (ECO-SEA), Post Office Drawer 1710, Davis, CA 95617, USA;(2) Science and Society Program, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;(3) Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;(4) Pusat Penelitian dan Pendidikan Masyarakat Tado (Tado Community Research and Education Center), Kotak Pos 3, Labuan Bajo 86554, Flores Island, NTT, Indonesia |
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Abstract: | Traditional crop landraces play dynamic roles in the expression of native biological and cultural diversity via their central position in the genetic resource base, agroecosystems and social heritage of indigenous peoples. Farmer varieties provide farmers with an “agricultural survival kit” for household welfare and for adaptation to changing conditions. These varieties meet local cultural practices and environmental constraints, and play an intrinsic role in cultural survival by constituting a living repository of ancestral customs including cultivar-specific recipes, songs, handicrafts, stories of origin, and unique planting, harvesting, processing, and storage rituals and techniques. The centrality of rice in Southeast Asian agricultural and social systems, contrasted with the significant erosion of rice-based biological and cultural diversity in native communities, calls for increased attention to the links between traditional rice varieties and indigenous rice-based customs. This study represents the research efforts of rice farmers pertaining to the Tado clan, a Kempo Manggarai community on Flores␣Island, in association with USA academicians. Research results demonstrate: (i) a complex suite of upland rice-based ethnobotanical traditions; (ii) significant and␣dynamic regional flux and dissemination of “old” and “new” landraces; (iii)␣community-level maintenance of distinct genotypes across a range of microenvironments; (iv) localized “extinctions” of ancestral landraces within 1–2 generations and a concomitant loss of related traditions; and (v) the contributions of a collaborative (indigenous and academic) approach to ethnographic and agronomic research. |
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Keywords: | Agroecology Biocultural diversity Community participatory research Farmer Indonesia Landraces Manggarai Oryza sativa Rainfed Upland rice |
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