长江经济带城市黑臭水体空间分布格局及影响因子

满足人民群众对优美生态环境的需要是建设美丽中国的核心要务,而城市黑臭水体是危害城市居民生产生活和身心健康的重要污染源。该研究以长江经济带城市黑臭水体为研究对象,综合运用GIS技术与地理探测器方法,识别其空间特征及分布规律,探究不同因子对黑臭水体空间格局的影响差异并提出整治建议。研究表明:(1)长江经济带城市黑臭水体空间分布呈凝聚型分布,且空间分异较为明显。核密度表现为多单核中心独立、次级中心带状及零星分布特征。(2)黑臭水体重心位置处在湖北和湖南省中部城市区域,其系统具有明显无标度区,分形特征显著,空间结构复杂性强。(3)不同类型黑臭水体均属正值空间相关性,呈"上游冷、中下游热"的冷热点区差异格局。(4)空间结构的地理探测影响因素在全域范围内贡献力不明显,分区影响因子匹配凸出。工业废水排放量、居民生活用水量、排水管道长度等是显著影响因素。建议应从严守生态规矩、建立黑臭水体治理体制机制、完善识别评定技术标准体系、创新实践整治、丰富理论研究等方面推进城市黑臭水体治理和消除。

Spatial Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of the Urban Black Odorous Water Bodies in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

It is the core task of building a beautiful China to meet people’s needs for a beautiful ecological environment, the urban black odorous water bodies are an important source of pollution to the production, living and physical and mental health of urban residents. This study takes the urban black odorous water bodies in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object, comprehensively applies GIS technology and geographic detection methods to identify its spatial structure characteristics and distribution rules, explores influential differences of different factors on the spatial patterns and proposes remediation proposals. As the study shows: (1) The spatial distribution of black smelly water bodies in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is in condensed distribution, and the spatial differentiation is obvious. Nuclear density is characterized by independent multiple mononuclear center, secondary centered bands and sporadic distribution; (2) The center of black odorous water bodies are in the central urban areas of Hubei provinces and Hunan provinces. Its system is obviously characterized by scaleless areas, significant fractal features and complexity of spatial structure; (3) Different types of black odorous water bodies are of positive spatial correlation, showing the different patterns of cold and hot spots with “coldness in upstream, and hotness in middle and lower reaches”; (4) The factors affecting the geographical detection of the spatial structure do not contribute significantly to the global scope, and the match of zonal influence factors is obvious. Industrial waste water discharge, domestic water consumption, drainage pipeline length, etc. are significant influencing factors; The elimination and control of the urban black odorous water bodies should be improved by strictly adhering to ecological rules, establishing urban black odorous water bodies management systems and mechanisms, improving the identification and assessment technical standards system, innovating practice renovation, and enriching theoretical research.