南京方山生态公园不同人工植被土壤动物群落结构时空变化

2009年3月~2010年4月采用干漏斗法和手捡法对南京方山生态公园针阔混交林、茶园、农田等3种典型人工植被生境的土壤动物群落结构及其季节变化进行初步调查。共采得土壤动物样本3 164个，27个类群隶属于5门12纲23目。结果表明：近孔寡毛目（Plesiopora）、弹尾纲（Collembola）和蜱螨目（Acarina）为常年优势类群；双翅目（Diptera）、同翅目（Homoptera）、膜翅目（Hymenoptera）、等足目（Isopoda）、后孔寡毛目（Opisthopora）和鞘翅目（Coleoptera）则为常年常见类群。土壤动物群落类群数和个体数量的季节消长规律分别是夏季>冬季>秋季>春季和夏季>秋季>冬季>春季。不同植被生境的土壤动物个体数量总数依次为茶园>混交林>农田；不同季节、不同人工植被类型以及不同季节和不同人工植被类型之间土壤动物群落的组成具有较大变化，不同类群之间个体数量差异显著。多样性分析表明，土壤动物类群多样性和均匀性指数在夏季时最高；茶园和混交林多样性指数和丰富度指数均高于农田。不同植被类型土壤动物垂直分布特征均表现为具有明显的表聚性，土壤动物的类群垂直分布差异明显，类群数随土层向下逐步减少

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION OF SOIL MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT ARTIFICIAL VEGETATIONS OF FANGSHAN ECOLOGY PARK,NANJING

Soil animals are a part of soil ecological systems.Community composition and functioning of soil animals have a significant impact on soil formation,material cycle and energy flow.With recognized significance of soil fauna in ecosystem processes,increasing evidence demonstrated that global change has profound effects on soil fauna diversity.Land use change,rising temperature,and changes in precipitation pattern can directly affect soil fauna diversity.Understanding the effects of different driving factors on soil fauna diversity under the background of climate change would help us better predict how the soil fauna diversity and related ecological processes change in the future.From March 2009 to April 2010,the soil animal communities were investigated using the method of Tullgren and hand sorting in three different artificial vegetations (mixed forest,tea garden and farmland) in Fangshan Ecology Park of Nanjing.We collected a total of 3 164 individuals of 27 groups belonging to 23 orders,12 classes,and 5 phyla.The composition of groups,distribution,the number of individuals and diversity index of soil fauna were analyzed.The results showed that Plesiopora,Collembola and Acarina were the dominant community,and Diptera,Homoptera,Hymenoptera,Isopoda,Opisthopora and Coleoptera were the common community in the year round.Among the three types of artificial vegetation,the fluctuation of the number of order and individuals was different:summer>winter>autumn>spring and summer>autumn>winter>autumn.The total number of the individuals was in the order of tea garden>mixed forest>farmland.The results from analysis of variance indicated that the soil animal communities were significant to seasons,different land use patterns,and also to the number of individuals at different communities.The diversity index and the evenness index were the greatest in summer while the diversity index and richness index in tea garden and mixed forest were higher than that in farmland.Soil invertebrate in different artificial vegetations was concentrated in the surface soil,the numbers of individuals in soil decrease rapidly with increase of soil depth.The distribution of trees might be an important factor that influenced the soil communities in green land.The biodiversity variation among different green lands can provide help to green lands design in cities.To remain urban forest litter,strength the management and protection of local zonal vegetation,measures that improve soil conditions and reduce artificial disturbances,such as “wood instead of grass”,would be of significance in improving the invertebrate diversity and enhancing the function of self cleaning capacity of environment