长江流域湿地现状与变化遥感研究

湿地与湿地环境问题早已引起国际与国家层面的高度关注。基于多时相卫星遥感数据（MSS、TM/ETM、CBERS 02等），以ERDAS、ARCGIS、MAPGIS等软件为平台，在长江流域系统开展了1975、2000、2007年等不同时相湿地遥感信息提取、编图及以次级流域为单元的统计分析，全面掌握长江流域主要湿地类型、面积、结构、分布现状以及30余a的湿地变化规律，分析其自然及人类地质营力作用机制，研究其变化态势，为流域内国土资源的合理开发利用提供大区域基础资料。结果表明：长江流域湿地现状总面积为7931 9×104 km2，其中河流、湖泊、沼泽、人工湿地各占4233%、2093%、1853%、1821%；湿地类型发育齐全，空间分布广，但次级流域或局域湿地分布严重不匀且JP2]类型结构不全；从1975~2007年的30余a，湖泊湿地总量消减889×102 km2，沼泽湿地消减591JP]×102 km2，河流湿地增加350×102 km2，人工湿地增加了6302×103 km2，湿地总量累计增加了5172×103 km2；湿地变化方式主要是面积的增减和类型的转换，变化受制于自然与人类活动地质营力共同作用；湿地变化阶段性特征明显，2000年前为湿地不良变化期，2000年后为良性缓变期，长江流域湿地环境表现为总体趋好、局域问题较多态势

REMOTE SENSING RESEARCH OF WETLAND CURRENT STATUS #br# AND CHANGE IN THE YANGZE RIVER BASIN

Wetland and wetland environment problems attract a great attention from the international and national levels It is an ideal techniques to research wetland on a large regional scale using the remote sensing macro，for its efficient，timeliness and multi temporal advantages Based on multi temporal satellite remote sensing data （MSS，TM/ETM，CBERS 02 and so on） and software platform （ERDAS，ARCGIS，MAPGIS and so on），from the different phases 1975，2000 and 2007，the paper carried out the remote sensing information extraction of wetland，the mapping results and the statistical analysis work according to sub watersheds unit systematically It has predominated fully in the type，the area，the structure，the current distribution status and change rule of the wetland for 30 years in the Yangtze River Basin This paper analyzed the natural and human geological force mechanism and predicted its evolution tendency And the results provids the basic data of large regional wetland research for the rational development and utilization of land resources The results show that the total area of wetland current status in the Yangtze River Basin was 7931 9×104 km2，in which the river wetland accounted for 4233%，the lake wetland accounted for 2093%，the marshland accounted for 1853%，and the artificial wetland accounted for 1821% The wetland type developed fully，and its spatial distribution was wide，but sub basin or local wetland distribution was seriously uneven and its type structure was incomplete；In the 30 years from 1975 to 2007，the total of lake wetland and marshland reduced 889×102 km2 and 591×102 km2 respectively，the total of river wetland and artificial wetland increased 350×102 km2 and 6302×103 km2 respectively ，so the total increase of wetland was 5172×103 km2. The main way of wetland change was increase or decrease of area and type conversion，and its change was subject to the natural and human activities of geological force. The wetland change displayed the stage characteristics，before 2000，the wetland was in the adverse change period，however，after 2000，it was in the benign change period. After 2000，the overall performance of wetland environment was getting better and better in the Yangtze River Basin，but the local situation had more problems