无锡就业人口时空格局演变之测度

就业变动与产业发展之间存在着不可分割的天然联系，研究无锡就业人口时空格局演变不仅可以间接揭示区域产业发展和布局状况，也可为引导人口和产业协调布局提供依据。为此，选择无锡为研究区域，应用1985~2010年统计年鉴数据与普查数据，通过空间基尼系数和空间自相关等方法，从整体和局部两个层次，梳理就业人口时空格局的演变过程并总结特征。结果表明：（1）就业人口总量增长、具有圈层结构和集聚特性，并表现出郊区化趋势；（2）第二产业就业人口郊区化特征明显，由集聚变为分散。轻工业、劳动密集型行业和高污染行业就业人口向城市北部移动，重工业、技术密集型行业和低污染行业就业人口向城市南部变动；（3）第三产业就业人口一方面总体表现为集聚态势，另一方面，表现为由中心向四周逐渐缓慢扩散的特征

MEASURE OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF EMPLOYED POPULATION IN WUXI

There is an indivisible relationship between employed pattern and industry development. Evolution of industrial structure and layout is always accompanied by employed population migration phenomenon between regions, between urban and rural, between industries. So it is important to study the evolution process of employed population, and to reveal the law and summarize the characteristics in Wuxi. Moreover, it can reveal the situation of regional industrial development and urban function division from another angle. The purpose of this paper is not only to guide and optimize the rational distribution of population and industry, but also to provide theoretical significance about achieving the coordinated development of population, economy, and society. Thus, this paper took Wuxi as the study area, and used the published data from Statistical Yearbook and National Economic Census from 1985 to 2010. Through utilizing some methods including spatial Gini coefficient and spatial autocorrelation, we analyzed the evolution process and summarized the characteristics of the pattern of employed population in Wuxi at global and local scales. The original census data was collected from the corporate data, including the company name, address, administrative district where the enterprises are located, business scope, industry code, established year, the number of employed population, operating income, the main income, total assets, and so on. This paper used the information of administrative district where the enterprises are located to determine the spatial positions of the enterprises, and discarded the enterprises without clear information. Finally, we derived the map representing all enterprises. The results of this paper showed as follows. (a) The total employed population grew steadily and showed a trend of suburbanization; the pattern of employed population showed a circle structure, and changed little over time, however, the volatility increased; the overall agglomeration characteristic was obvious, but the degree declined year by year; employed population gathered to the core urban area in the earlier stage, and spread to the south of Huishan District and the northwest of Binhu District in the later stage. (b) Employed population of secondary industry grew, and the fastest growing region was suburb; the population moved from the center to northwest southeast direction quickly, and the pattern changed from gathering to dispersion. From the perspective of the typical industry, the employed population of light industry, labor intensive industry and high pollution industry moved to the north of the city; the employed population of heavy industry, technology intensive industry and low pollution industry moved to the south of the city. (c) In terms of tertiary industry, the number and the proportion of employed population was growing year by year, and the fastest growing region was the center of Wuxi; employed population moved slowly from the center to surrounding, but still kept a gathering trend. From the perspective of the typical industry, it showed the characteristics that employed population diffuse from the center to surrounding, and the core of employed population is always in the center of the city. In addition, this paper introduces the classic research methods about industry pattern evolution to the study of employed population, and it enriches the research methods about employed population. Practices have proved that these methods are feasible, and achieving the expected results, thus, the methods should be promoted