长江口及邻近海域环境污染影响研究的必要性——以汞污染为例

总结了上海地区汞污染的现状：以黄浦江为主的水体汞平均含量明显偏高；江水和沉积物中总汞的沿江分布特征与两岸工农业布局相一致，从上游到下游具有低－高－低的波状起伏特征，下游江段汞含量较上游高。沉积物中含汞高的地点都在高水汞点的下游，与河流沉积的动力学规律一致，黄浦江输入长江的汞逐年增加。土壤具有较高的汞背景值。各种垃圾处置场对环境汞污染的具体影响还不清楚。上海工业百年来的发展已经使污染物在环境中的背景值升高，这些污染物低浓度、分布广，控制治理难度大，对人体的危害具有低剂量、长暴露特点。改革开放以来，上海市区正逐步变为一个以第三产业为主的服务中心区，而周边地区正在成为一个全球性生产基地。上海经济的新格局将改变上海及邻近海域环境污染状况，在分析上海经济发展对环境影响的基础上，指出了对长江口和邻近海域环境污染影响进行综合研究的重要性。

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN ESTUARY OF THE YANGTZE RIVER AND COASTAL WATER -MERCURY AS AN EXAMPLE

This paper summarizes the situation of mercury pollution in Shanghai, China. The average content of mercury in Huangpu River is apparently high. The distribution of mercury in water and sediments is consistent with that of industry and agriculture, characteristic of wave change. Mercury content is highest in middle reach, and lowest in upper reach, and middle in lower reach. Corresponding to mercury distribution in the river, mercury distribution in sediments is accordance with deposition dynamics of sediments. Positions with high mercury in sediments are located relatively in downstream of positions with high mercury in water. The amount of mercury exported to the Yangtze River from the Huangpu River is increasing year after year. The baseline of mercury is also high in soils. High baselines of environmental pollutions are related with the long history of industries in this area. They are harmful to human health with properties of low dose and long time exposure. It is now hard to control and manage. With the economy development, centers of banking, business, and trade are emerging in central district of Shanghai and a worldwide production base is forming around Shanghai. The new distribution of economy will change the environmental situation of the Mouth of the Yangtze River and near East Sea. Based on the analysis of e-conomy effect on environmental record, this paper emphasizes the necessity to study the environmental pollution in the Mouth of the Yangtze River and coastal water.