汉江流域上游作物水分生态适应性研究

采用农田水量平衡模型，结合GIS技术，通过构建作物水分亏缺风险指数，对汉江流域上游区小麦、玉米等主要作物的水分生态适应性进行了系统研究。结果表明：就全生育期而言，自然降水不能满足作物生长发育的需求，水分亏缺是汉江流域上游区农田水分平衡的主要特征；就不同作物来讲，水稻多年平均水分亏缺风险指数达23.26%，是全流域生态适应性最差的作物，麻类、薯类生态适应性较强；作物生长发育不同时段，各作物水分生态适应性差异较大，春旱应引起足够重视。

ECOLOGICAL ADAPTABILITY OF WATER IN MAJOR CROPS IN UPPER REACHES OF HANJIANG RIVER

This research attempted to study systematically and practically the issues of regional ecological adaptability of water in some major crops in upper reaches of Hanjiang river by applying field water balance model, and using GIS technical and risk index of water deficit. The quantitative demand of water and the balance of field water was calculated for 25 counties in Hanjiang river basin. The index of water deficit risk was adopted to analyze spatial-temporal distribution. In general, the precipitation cannot meet the water demand of major crops, and water deficit is the main character of field water balance in Hanjiang river basin. The water deficit for rice is 187.51 mm and the risk index of water deficit reached to 23.26%; thus, the ecological adaptability of water for rice was not well. Orders of ecological adaptability of all the crops were hemp > potato > bean > summer maize > suga > cotton > winter wheat > coil > rice, with hemp and potato showing a well degree of adaptability. It is found that the adaptability for crops at different growing periods may vary significantly for different crops, and in initial growing stage, water deficit for most crops in this area is very obvious, and spring drought can be a severe problem for the crops in this area.