基于能值分析的武穴市耕地利用效益时空特征分析

开展耕地利用效益评价,对实现农业生态文明和耕地高效持续利用具有指导意义。结合能值分析、自相关等方法,评价和分析了2002~2011年武穴市耕地利用效益的时空演变特征。结果表明:近10a来武穴市耕地利用效益的能值投入和产出处于上升趋势,增长速度分别达58.17%和61.29%;能值投入中工业能值所占比重最大,超过总量的70%以上,2011年达到82.17%;耕地集约度增加6.60×1015sej的同时环境压力也在变大,耕地环境负载率由2002年的2.88上升至2011年的4.61;农业生产能力和农民生活水平不断提高;空间自相关结果显示武穴市各乡镇单位面积耕地能值投入和产出具有较明显的东高—南低—西平的聚集特征。研究结果对优化武穴市农业生产物化投入结构、提高产出效果,实现耕地高效持续利用具有一定的指导意义。

SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION CHARACTERISTIC OF UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATED LAND IN WUXUE BASED ON AN ENERGY ANALYSIS

Cultivated land is fundamental to the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture,society and economy.Rapid industrialization and urbanization has worsened the situation of the scarce cultivated land resources.It's therefore very important for agricultural ecological civilization and sustainable development based on the evaluation on cultivated land use efficiency.Energy provides a new measure for evaluating environment,resources,human services,information,and alternatives for development.In this paper,taking cultivated land in Wuxue as an example,the calculating method and spatio-temporal varyingn characteristics of utilization efficiency for cultivated land were built and analyzed based on the connotation defining of efficiency of cultivated land and Energy Theory provided by H.T.Odum.The results showed that:1)The input and output energy of cultivated land were on the rise in the 10 years during2002-2011 and the growth rate reached 58.17％ and 62.19％ respectively.Among the various parts of inputs energy,industrial energy accounted for the largest (more than 70％ of the total),even increased by 82.17％ in 2011.2) Cultivated land eco-economic system in Wuxue was cost-efficient and the degree of land use intensity was increasing every year.The degree of input energy density was 2.35 × 1016 sej/hm2 in 2011,being much higher than in 2002,but the output-input ratio based on energy took on the trend increased first (2002-2005) and decreased afterwards (2006-2011).Energy-based resource and environmental loading index of cultivated lands was on the rise from 2.88 to 4.61 in 10 the years during (2002-2011),the deteriorating quality of cultivated land threatens ecological environment,food security and sustainable agricultural development.3) The energy per farmer was increasing year by year from 2002 to 2011.In 2011,the energy per farmer reached 6.08× 1015 sej,increased by 53.92％,indicating a greatly improved living index of farmer.The growth rate of the energy per farmer year on year was however unstable.The output of energy density presented an inverted "V" shape as a general from 2002 to 2011.There has been a slowly declining trend since 2008,indicating a serious problem of grain security.4) The results Moran's I indicated that the input and output energy for unit area of cultivated land in Wuxue has a gathereing characteristics.From the results,it is expected to provide a reference for optimizing the input structure in agricultural production and the further improvement to develop sustainable productivity of cultivated land.