土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响研究综述

土地利用/覆被变化是全球环境变化的重要组成部分和主要原因之一,不仅带来了地表结构的巨大变化,而且对生态系统服务也造成重要影响。土地利用变化和生态系统服务研究已成为国际上生态学和地理学等跨学科研究的热点之一。从土地利用变化和生态系统服务的概念及其影响因素分析入手,综述了土地利用面积变化、土地利用方式变化和土地利用空间格局变化等对生态系统服务的影响,归纳了土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响研究的主要方法和模型,分析了相关研究的不足,并提出了加强生态系统服务动态评估方法和时空动态评估模型的研究、强化土地利用变化对生态系统服务影响的生态学机制研究和注重土地利用变化下生态系统服务评估结果的集成应用研究等建议,以期对我国的土地利用变化与生态系统服务评估研究提供科学参考。

A REVIEW ON THE EFFECTS OF LAND USE CHANGE ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Ecosystem services are the products and services in which human beings get supports from ecological structure, processes and functions for their life. They form and maintain the environmental conditions and utilities for human beings to survive and develop. Ecosystem services include ecosystem service functions and ecosystem service values. Ecosystem service value is the monetary manifestation of ecosystem service. And it is related to many factors such as the understanding ability of the ecosystem services for human beings, the scarcity of ecosystem service and the dependence of economic and social development upon ecosystem services and so on. Some representative researchers, such as Costanza and Daily, clarified the concept and classification of ecosystem services and developed the calculation methods. Based on their work, a number of domestic and foreign scholars evaluated the economic values of forest, grassland, wetland, urban land and other ecosystems on different scales. Land use/land cover change (LUCC) is one of the important parts and a main cause of global environmental changes. It not only brings great changes in surface structure, but also greatly affects the structure and function of regional ecosystems. LUCC will produce impacts on ecosystem service values inevitably, both positively and negatively. Carrying on the research of the impact of land use changes on ecosystem services has great significance on land use planning, land decision making, ecological environment protection and promoting the sustainable development of society, economic and ecological environment. Land use change and ecosystem service value coupling research has become one of internationally hot research fields of ecology and geography. By looking into a large number of relevant literatures and analyzing the concepts of land use change and ecosystem services and their influencing factors, we summarized the main research findings and methods about the impacts of land use areas, land use types and land use spatial patterns on ecosystem services. Also, we analyzed the defects of existing studies though analyzing relevant literatures comprehensively, including the limitation of dynamic assessment methods of ecosystem services, absence of dynamic evaluation models of ecosystem services which is suitable for China geographical and social and economic conditions, shortage of the researches on ecological mechanism, and the less of relevant application researches in practice. Finally, we suggested to perform the further studies as follows: (1) strengthen the researches of dynamic assessment methods of ecosystem services and the spatio-temporal dynamic assessment models; (2) intensify the studies of the ecological mechanism of land use changes effect on ecosystem services; (3) pay more attention to the integration and application researches of ecosystem services under land use changes, including optimization of land use structure and spatial pattern, providing a scientific basis for formulating ecological compensation policies and standards, and building regional economic accounting systems that integrate ecosystem service values.