中国区域粮食生产与消费中的虚拟水平衡研究

从省级和8个二级区域尺度上分析我国2007年粮食生产和消费中的虚拟水含量的空间分布规律以及粮食生产和消费中的虚拟水平衡规律，得出如下结论：首先，粮食生产虚拟水量北方比南方地区多31 9752×107 m3，人均粮食生产虚拟水量北方地区为530 m3/人，远高于全国平均水平的460 m3/人，而南方地区则只有410 m3/人。说明我国当前粮食生产存在较为典型的虚拟水资源“北水南调”现象；其次，全国粮食虚拟水消费量南方比北方地区多4 8553亿m3，恰好与粮食生产的虚拟水空间分布规律相反。南北方粮食消费水平的差异加剧了我国粮食生产虚拟水资源“北水南调”现象的发生；再次，从粮食生产和消费的虚拟水平衡空间分布规律来看，调出区主要集中分布在由黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、新疆、宁夏5省（区）组成的我国北方边境沿线地带和由江西、湖南、重庆、湖北、河南、安徽、江苏、山东和山西组成的中东部环形地区。虚拟水调入区则主要集中在由北京、天津、河北和辽宁组成的环渤海地区和由分布在西北、西南和华南共13个省市区组成的环状连片地带；最后简要分析了我国粮食生产和消费的虚拟水平衡在粮食生产和水资源开发利用领域的启示意义。

WATER EQUILIBRIUM OF FOODSTUFF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN CHINA

Virtual water spatial distribution law of foodstuff production,foodstuff consumption and their equilibrium in 2007 were analyzed after calculated the virtual water contained in foodstuff production and consumption in each province and sub region in China.Conclusions were as follows:①The northern area had produced 31 9752×107m3 foodstuff virtual water more than the south.Per capita virtual water of the north was 530 m3,which was much larger than the national average of 460 m3,and the Per capita virtual water of the south was 410 m3.This showed the typical phenomenon of foodstuff virtual water North South Water Diversion currently in China.②The foodstuff virtual water consumption emerged the opposite law.The southern area had consumed 4 8553×108 m3 foodstuff virtual water more than the north in 2007.The differences of foodstuff consumption between the south and the north had intensified the phenomenon of foodstuff virtual water North South Water Diversion in China.③From the virtual water equilibrium spatial distribution of view,there were two typical regions of virtual water export: one was the northern border zone which was mainly composed by Heilongjiang,Jilin,Neimenggu,Xinjiang and Ningxia;the other was the annular region of central eastern China,which mainly included Jiangxi,Hunan,Chongqing,Hubei,Henan,Anhui,Jiangsu,Shandong and Shanxi.There were also two regions of virtual water input:one was the around Bohai Sea region which was composed by Beijing,Tianjin,Liaoning and Hebei;the other was a ring zone which include 13 provinces in northwest,southwest and South China.④Some suggestions for exploitation and application of water resource management about the virtual water equilibrium of foodstuff production and consumption were shortly analyzed in the end.