不同水分管理模式对水稻生长及光合特性的影响

模拟不同地区、地形水资源状况的多样性，设置4个不同的水分灌溉处理，研究不同水分管理模式对水稻生长及光合特性的影响。结果如下：天灌水稻受到干旱胁迫。天灌水稻分蘖少且成穗率低，叶片短而窄，比叶面积小，叶面积指数低，光合速率低，产量低下。湿灌可基本维持水稻的正常生长。湿灌水稻的成穗率较高，叶片较大，光合速率较高，有较高的产量水平。淹灌不利于水稻生长。淹灌水稻根系活力较低，叶片披垂率较高，光合速率低于湿灌。配灌水稻的叶片长而宽，叶面积指数高，光合速率最高，产量最高。荧光诱导结果表明天灌处理和湿灌处理的水稻热耗散较高，而配灌处理和淹灌处理的水稻是通过发出更多的荧光来释放过量的光能。〖

EFFECTS OF DIFFREENT IRRIGATION MODES ON GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE

Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of rice were studied under four irrigation modes,including dry cultivation,wet cultivation,continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation,which were set to simulate the diversity of water resource situations in different areas or landforms.The results showed as follows.Rice under dry cultivation suffered drought stress,which led to few tillers,low percentage of ear bearing,short and narrow leaf,small specific leaf area,low leaf area index and photosynthetic rate,and a low yield.Wet cultivation basically sustained rice growth and the rice exhibited high percentage of ear bearing,large leaf area,high photosynthetic rate,and a high yield.Continuous flooding exerted harmful effect on rice,with its rice having low root activity,high leaf droop rate,low photosynthetic rate compared with that under wet cultivation.Intermittent irrigation showed the highest yield for its rice,with long and wide leaf,high leaf area index,and high photosynthetic rate.The result of fluorescence inducement showed that rice under dry cultivation and wet cultivation exhibited higher thermal exhaustion,while rice under intermittent irrigation and continuous flooding sent out more fluorescence to released excessive light energy.