长三角高铁网络时空演化格局及区域经济影响测度研究

高速铁路快速发展大大改善了交通通达性,在很大程度上影响空间资源再配置过程,进而影响区域经济发展格局。以长三角被纳入铁路网的40个设区城市为研究对象,在对比分析高铁开通前后(2009和2018年)铁路网络客流点强度和城际联系强度变化基础上,尝试构造改进生产函数模型,刻画了近10年间长三角地区高铁网络的时空演化格局及其对区域经济发展的影响。研究表明:(1)高铁快速发展使得长三角各城市平均最短时间可达性年均提高0.257 h,10年来网络连通性提高近一倍,区域间城际联系更为密切;(2)近10年间高铁发展对长三角各城市点强度提升及城际联系强度的影响有明显区域差异,且城市可达性和连通性的变化模式截然不同,位于长三角边缘地区的城市可达性提升最大,而发展水平高的城市连通性改善最大,中心城市的枢纽地位持续强化,呈现明显的"马太效应";(3)2018年基于铁路客流的城市点强度分布格局比2009年更加不均衡,这主要是由于强度大的极端节点(中心城市)较多造成的;(4)高铁网络演化影响着区域经济发展,且对第三产业的影响更为显著,使区域经济和第三产业发展分布更为极化。本研究可为区域发展与一体化政策制定、高铁建设与客运服务管理规划编制等提供参考。

Spatial-temporal Evolution Patterns of High-speed Rail Network and Its Impact on Regional Economy in the Yangtze River Delta

The rapid development of high-speed rail has significantly improved intercity accessibility and connectivity, which has influenced spatial resource reallocations and changed regional economic development patterns. Taking 40 prefecture-level or above cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region as a case study, this paper employs urban strength index and intercity connection strength and compares the values before and after the operation of high-speed railway (2009 and 2018) to reveal the accessibility and connectivity changes in the YRD. It further analyzes the influences on economic development over the past decade by use of an improved production function model. The results show that: (1) The rapid high-speed rail development reduced the average shortest time accessibility of cities in the YRD by 0.257 h per year, and nearly doubled the network connectivity in the past decade, leading to much higher intercity accessibility and connectivity. (2) There were obvious regional differences across cities in the improvement of urban strength index and intercity connection strength in the past decade. The spatial accessibility for cities located in the peripheral YRD had higher increase, while the spatial connectivity for cities with higher level of development had the higher improvement. Central cities functioned as transport hubs had been enhanced from the development of HSR network, which created a significant Matthew effect of accumulated advantage. (3) The pattern of urban strength index was uneven distributed and the disparity had been increased significantly, which was mainly resulted from some transport hub cities’ much higher increase in urban strength values. (4) The evolution of high-speed rail network significantly influenced regional economic development pattern, particularly the tertiary industries, which led to a more polarized distribution of economic development in the YRD. This study offers some evidence to support high-speed rail-oriented development, regional planning and regional economic integration policies-making in the context of high-speed rail expansion in regional China.