高铁对长三角区域旅游一体化影响计量研究

高铁正成为影响我国区域旅游一体化的关键性因素,已有高铁旅游影响研究普遍存在供需分离的系统化视角缺位问题。立足多目的地-多客源地交互的旅游供需空间系统视角,利用GIS集成方法和旅游系统引力模型研究了有无高铁网络两种情境下的长三角区域旅游竞争力和出游力格局,分析了高铁对区域旅游一体化影响的具体方向、程度和意义。结果发现:(1)高铁对长三角区域旅游一体化影响增强,扩大了旅游竞争力、出游力等级差异,带来逆向均衡一体化效应;(2)高铁强化了长三角区域旅游格局的核心-边缘结构,边缘地区非高铁城市的旅游竞争力和出游力进一步被削弱,而核心高铁城市上海的中心性仍在增强;(3)高铁开通后,边缘地区新增开高铁城市的旅游格局变化最大,但固有劣势使其不能从根本上改变区域旅游整体的非均衡发展态势;(4)高铁时空压缩在削弱空间距离因素影响的同时,促进了区域旅游竞合关系的本位回归,规避旅游供给的同质化竞争、强调差异化发展是发挥高铁旅游一体化联动效应的根本路径模式。最后,指出高铁开通可以为边缘地区城市提供相对公平的交通发展平台,是防止边缘地区城市进一步被边缘化的必要条件,进而提出了促进区域旅游一体化发展的具体政策建议。

IMPACT OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL ON REGIONAL TOURISM INTEGRATION IN THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA

The high-speed rail has become a key factor affecting the integration of regional tourism in China.However,the absence of systematic view considering tourism supplyand demand separately is widespread in the existing researches on the impact of high-speed rails on tourism.In this paper the regional tourism competitiveness and resident travel potential with and without high-speed rail network of the Yangtze River delta are studied using GIS and the improved gravity model of tourism system.Meanwhile,the specific direction,degree and meaning of the regional tourism integration under the impact of high-speed rail are also analyzed.The results show that:(1) the high-speed rails' impact on regional tourism integration has enhanced,which has widened the hierarchical difference and meanwhile caused the integration effect of reverse balance;(2) the high-speed rails have strengthened the core-periphery structure of regional tourism system,and tourism competitiveness and resident travel potential of none-HSR cities have been weakened while those of the core HSR city Shanghai has enhanced;(3) after the operation of the high-speed rails,the tourism pattern has changed most in periphery areas;however,the non-balanced development of regional tourism in these areas cannot be changed fundamentally because of comprehensive location disadvantages;(4) the time-space compression of high-speed rail weakens the effect of distance meanwhile strengthens the effect of tourism itself,so to develop tourism integration of high-speed railway cities should pay attention to the differential development strategy so as to avoid the homogenization of competition;and (5) the high-speed rail can provide a relatively equitable transportation development platform for the peripheral cities and prevent periphery areas from being further marginalized.Therefore,we put forward several specific policy proposals to establish a regional balanced HSR network and promote regional tourism integration development.