川东丘陵区青花椒种植对土壤肥力的影响

以川东丘陵区退耕青花椒林、弃耕地和农耕地为研究对象,对青花椒林分(2 a、5 a、9 a和14 a,分别以QHJ2、QHJ5、QHJ9和QHJ14表示)及对照农耕地(CK)和弃耕地(14 a,QGD)土壤物理性质、养分含量、微生物数量和酶活性进行研究,并利用隶属函数法对土壤肥力进行综合评价,探究青花椒不同种植年限对土壤肥力特征的影响,以指导青花椒种植和培肥改土。结果表明:青花椒林和弃耕地的土壤持水量、孔隙度、养分含量、微生物数量和酶活性均为高于CK,且随青花椒种植年限的增加而增加;相反,花椒林和弃耕地的土壤容重低于CK,且逐渐随青花椒种植年限的增加而降低。土壤肥力综合值呈QHJ14QHJ9QGDQHJ5QHJ2CK的变化规律,林地均显著高于农耕地,QGD与QHJ14差异显著而与QHJ9差异不显著;土壤肥力综合值与土壤物理性质、养分含量、酶活性和微生物数量呈显著相关(P0.05)。说明种植青花椒具有显著的培肥效应,对于提高川东丘陵区土壤肥力和促进农民增收致富具有重要作用,土壤肥力综合值能综合反应土壤肥力高低差异。

EFFECT OF PLANTING Zanthoxylum armatum ON SOIL FERTILITY IN HILL AREAS OF EASTERN SICHUAN

Soils were collected from Zanthoxylum armatum plantation(2,5,9 and14 year-old were represented by QHJ2,QHJ5,QHJ9 and QHJ14,respectively),farmland (CK) and abandon farmland(14 year-old,QGD) in hill areas of Eastern Sichuan Province for physical properties,nutrient content,microbe number and enzyme activity determination.Membership function method was used to soil fertility comprehensive evaluation,and to explore the effect of planting years on soil fertility after farmland converted to Zanthoxylum armatum plantation,and provide guidance for Zanthoxylum armatum planting and soil improvement.The results showed that soil water-holding capacity,porosity,nutrient content,microbe number and enzyme activity in Zanthoxylum armatum plantations and abandoned farmland were higher than that in farmland,and those increased with Zanthoxylum armatum plantation planting years;on the contrary,soil bulk density in Zanthoxylum armatum plantation and abandoned farmland were lower than that in farmland,and that decreased with Zanthoxylum armatum plantation planting years.Soil fertility comprehensive value(CVSF) ranked as QHJ14＞QHJ9＞QGD＞QHJ5＞QHJ2＞CK,the values of Zanthoxylum armatum plantation and abandon farmland were significantly higher than that of farmland.The CVSF was significantly related to soil physical properties,nutrient content,microbe number and enzyme activity(P＜ 0.05).The results indicated that planting Zanthoxylum armatum could significantly improve soil properties,and play an important role in soil fertility improvement and farmers enrichment;The CVSF could be used for soil fertility comprehensive evaluation.