鄱阳湖流域排污权初始分配模式的比较研究

排污权初始分配是排污权交易的起点和基础,在分配模式和实证研究方面需要加强。采用地区人口法、经济总量法、历史排污量法、环境容量法和综合分配法5种模式研究了鄱阳湖流域11个地市水污染物化学需氧量(COD)与氨氮的初始排污权分配。结果表明:COD和氨氮初始排污权在地市之间的分配格局相似;南昌、新余与鹰潭3市按经济总量模式分配的排污量明显高于其它模式,上饶、吉安两市人口分配模式高于其它模式,景德镇、九江两市历史排污量模式高于其它模式,赣州市环境容量模式高于其它模式,宜春市综合模式高于其它模式。综合分配模式为赣州市排污权总量最高,南昌、九江、吉安、宜春、抚州和上饶6市次之,景德镇、萍乡、新余、鹰潭4市最低。总体来看,排污权配额因分配模式不同而有所差异,综合分配模式得到的初始排污权最为合理。建议鄱阳湖流域严格执行综合分配模式下的各地市初始排污权分配额度,确保区域经济社会与生态环境的协调发展。

COMPARISON OF EMISSIONS INITIAL ALLOCATION PATTERNS IN POYANG LAKE WATERSHED

Emissions initial allocation (EIA) is the basis and starting point of emission trading, and the allocation models and the empirical analysis need further study. Five different allocation models including regional population model (RPM), economic amount model (EAM), historical emission model(HEM), environmental capacity model (ECM) and comprehensive distribution model (CDM) were used to measure EIA amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen in 11 administrative regions of Poyang Lake watershed. Results showed that the distribution patterns of COD and ammonia nitrogen EIA were almost the same in our study. EIA amount was higher using EAM than other models in Nanchang, Xinyu and Yingtan administrative regions. EIA amount was higher using PAM than other models in Shangrao and Ji'an administrative regions. EIA amount was higher using HEM than other models in Jiujiang and Jingdezhen administrative regions. EIA amounts were higher using ECM and CDM than other models in Ganzhou and YiChun administrative regions, respectively. Based on CDM, EIA amount was the highest in Ganzhou, followed by Nanchang, Jiujiang, Ji'an, Yichun, Fuzhou and Shangrao, and was the lowest in Jingdezhen, Pingxiang, Xinyu and Yingtan administrative regions. EIA amount varied in different models and CDM would be the most reasonable models in Poyang Lake watershed. In order to promote regional coordinated development of economy, society and ecological environment, we suggest to strictly implement EIA amount measured by CDM for each of 11 administrative regions in Poyang Lake watershed.