上海市中心城区公园绿地对居住区的社会服务功能定量分析

城市公园绿地的社会服务功能是城市绿地系统生态服务功能的重要组成；评价其社会服务功能需同时考虑服务的公平性和有效性。为科学合理的定量分析城市公园绿地的部分社会服务功能，建立了一套评价体系，包括公园绿地服务范围覆盖率、公园绿地服务重叠度和单位面积公园绿地服务人口数等3项指标。以上海市中心城区为例，介绍了3项指标的定义；基于地理信息系统平台实现了计算流程，并对上海市中心城区主要公园绿地对于居住区的社会服务功能进行了定量分析。研究表明：2009年上海市中心城区的主要公园绿地对于居住区的服务范围覆盖率已超过80%，服务重叠度平均值为221，单位面积公园绿地服务人口数的平均值为117人/m2。3项指标可为城市公园绿地的社会服务功能分析提供有效的定量研究手段

ANALYZING THE SOCIAL SERVICE FUNCTION OF URBAN PUBLIC GREEN SPACE FOR THE RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS QUANTITATIVELY——A CASE STUDY OF THE CENTRAL AREA OF SHANGHAI,CHINA

As one of the major places of recreation and leisure for the residents,urban public green space has fundamentally important function for social service.In addition,this function is one of the most significant components of ecosystem services provided by urban green space.When evaluating the social service function of urban public green spaces for the residential districts,the effectiveness of their utilization and the service equity for all the residents should be considered simultaneously.In order to analyze the social service function of urban public green space for the residential districts quantitatively,this paper presents a new comprehensive evaluation system,including three indices: service coverage ratio,service overlap,and service population per unit area of urban public green space.The service coverage ratio is the ratio of area of residential districts located in the service region of urban public green spaces to the total size of residential districts.The service overlap is the number of urban public green spaces serving for a specific residential unit.The service population per unit area of urban public green space is the average population served by urban public green space unit.Taking the central area of Shanghai as an example,definitions for three indices are elaborated.The methods and procedures are proposed to calculate the results based on the techniques of Geographic Information System (GIS).And the methods have been implemented as software tools which are successfully applied in the quantitative analysis of the urban public green spaces (area ≥3 000 m2) in the central area of Shanghai.The results reveal that the service coverage ratio of the major urban public green space for residential districts is over 80% and the average service overlap reaches 221.At the same time,the average service population per unit area is 117.The three indices can provide an effective way for quantitative analysis of the social service function of urban public green space