安徽省土地利用变化下的生态敏感性时空规律

土地利用变化过程中生态敏感性的研究有利于土地利用的科学管理和健康长效的城市化发展。选择安徽省为研究区域,通过分析土地利用变化对生态系统的敏感性的影响机制,构建出基于弹性概念的生态敏感性指数模型,并利用2002~2011年安徽省的土地利用变更数据,对其10年的生态敏感性的时空变化规律进行研究。结果表明:(1)2002~2011年,安徽省土地利用综合强度由2.26增加到2.49,生态服务价值由2.84×10¹²元减少到2.75×10¹²元,两者呈现出很强的负相关,且安徽省17个地级市的土地利用综合强度与生态服务价值也均呈现负相关关系;(2)安徽省土地利用变化下的生态敏感性指数由2003年的2.26上升到2011年的2.49,在研究期内均属于低敏感性,表明安徽省整个生态系统受其土地利用变化的影响程度不是很强烈,能够适应目前城市化发展的速度和强度;(3)安徽省由2003年的16个生态系统低敏感或不敏感市(占全省总面积的92.97%)减少到2011年的12个低敏感市(占全省总面积的67.06%),表明人类活动对生态系统已经造成了一定的影响。

SPATIO-TEMPORA CHARACTERISTICS OF ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY TO LAND USE CHANGE IN ANHUI PROVINCE

The problem of vulnerability, sensitivity and adaptive capacity of ecosystem attracts more and more attention in the field of ecology and environment due to the global change and urbanization. Understanding the sensitivity degree of the ecological system to land use change is important to scientific and reasonable land use management. Taking one of the Central China Economic Zone-Anhui Province as an example, we constructed the mechanism of ecological sensitivity analysis to land use change under the vulnerability concept framework. By using the concept of elasticity, we established an ecological sensitivity index model. Finally, with the Land use change data of Anhui Province in 2002-2011, we studied the temporal and spatial regulation about the responsive degree of the ecosystem under the land use change of Anhui Province. The results show that: (1) From 2002 to 2013, the comprehensive land use intensity of Anhui Province increased from 2.26 to 2.49. Meanwhile, the ecological service value has decreased from 2 840 billion Yuan to 2 750 billion Yuan, and a strong negative correlation was observed between comprehensive land use intensity and the ecological service value. This correlation can also be found in the other 17 municipalities in Anhui Province. (2) In different periods, most areas in Anhui Province were insensitive or low sensitive, and only a few of areas had moderate sensitivity, severe sensitivity or extreme sensitivity. It suggested the present urbanization speed and intensity were not strongly influenced by the whole ecosystem of Anhui province. (3) From the spatial and temporal characteristics, there were 16 low sensitive or insensitive municipalities(92.97% of the total Anhui province area) in 2003 in Anhui Province, but it reduced to 12 municipalities(67.06% of the total Anhui province area)in 2011. Low sensitive and insensitive ares of Anhui Province has decreased, while sensitive areas has increased, and the extremely sensitive area has appeared. It indicates that the human activities have caused certain effect on the ecosystem. The results can provide scientific basis to adopt different modes of land use in different regions, and it will be helpful to achieve the sustainability of land use.