城市土地利用类型与PM2.5浓度相关性研究——以武汉市为例

随着我国工业化的不断发展,在我国的主要经济发展地区的雾霾天气不断爆发,使我国的大气环境日益恶化,严重影响了人们的日常生活和身体健康。PM2.5作为雾霾的重要组成成分,也日渐成为环境领域的研究热点问题。随着全球性变化研究领域逐渐加强了对土地利用与生态环境的相关研究,因此无论从法律和社会经济发展的角度,还是从生态资源保护与环境可持续发展的角度,土地利用与PM2.5的相关研究都显得相当重要。研究目的:分析武汉市各类用地类型与PM2.5浓度的相关性程度。研究方法:使用ENVI与ArcGIS对武汉市2013年MODIS气溶胶产品进行空间分析与插值处理,再应用SPSS将其与武汉市2013年10个观测点的PM2.5浓度数据作相关性分析,以证实MODIS气溶胶厚度与PM2.5浓度的相关性,并建立两者的线性回归方程,然后利用计算后的武汉市整体PM2.5浓度分布与各土地利用类型进行相关性研究。研究结果:武汉市PM2.5浓度有明显的空间分布特征,绿化面积比例与PM2.5浓度呈显著负相关,建设用地面积比例与PM2.5浓度呈显著正相关,未利用地面积比例虽然与PM2.5浓度呈正相关,但相关性较低,而耕地与水体对PM2.5浓度没有显著影响。研究结论:土地利用类型对武汉市PM2.5浓度的分布有显著的影响,其与搭载MODIS传感器的遥感卫星监测方式的结合能成为研究大范围特定区域PM2.5浓度空间格局的新方法,并且增加城市绿化面积,控制建设用地规模能有效减少PM2.5浓度。

RESEARCH ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN URBAN LAND USE TYPES AND PM2.5 CONCENTRATIONS IN WUHAN

With the continuous development of China's industrialization, haze weather broke out continuously at the main economic development area of China, which seriously affects people's daily life and health. PM2.5, which is known as an important component of haze, becomes a hotspot issue in the field of environment science. A large number of studies shows that PM2.5 can absorb toxic substances in the air, and through the respiratory tract into the body, which cause the allergic patients suffering from respiratory or cardiovascular disease at risk. Also, PM2.5 is closely related with the recently reduction of city atmospheric visibility, which can lead to traffic accident. In addition, with the global change research field gradually strengthening the related research of land use and ecological environment, the related research of land use and PM2.5 has become very important from the social economic development point of view, and from the environment sustainable development perspective. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the correlation of various land use types and concentrations of PM2.5 in Wuhan City. We used the ArcGIS and ENVI software to perform spatial analysis and interpolation based on Wuhan's 2013 MODIS aerosol products, then we used SPSS to analyze PM2.5 concentration data from 10 stations in Wuhan to confirm the MODIS aerosol optical thickness relevance to PM2.5 concentrations, and established the linear regression model to study the correlation between the calculated overall PM2.5 concentrations in Wuhan city and various land use types. Results showed that PM2.5 concentrations had obvious spatial distribution characteristics in Wuhan City, green land and PM2.5 concentrations had significantly negative correlation, the correlation between construction land and PM2.5 concentrations was significantly positive, and arable land had no significant effects on PM2.5 concentration. Through the comparison among the absolute value of these five land-use type, we can find out that the rank of water and arable changing at the three days, which shows there may be other factors such as soil composition, water composition, spectral radiation influencing PM2.5 concentrations. Our conclusions are that land-use has a significant effect on distribution of PM2.5 concentration in Wuhan City, and remote sensing satellite monitoring methods based on MODIS sensor is a new method of researching space distribution of PM2.5 concentration at a particular area. In addition, increasing the urban greening area or controlling the ratio of construction land can effectively reduce PM2.5 concentrations.