中国乡村发展面临的挑战与长期性管理策略

分析研究了当前我国乡村发展所面临的严峻的挑战性问题，如乡村非农化进程停滞，城乡差异扩大带来的问题等；尤其是乡村生态破坏和环境污染危及到农业生产环境的安全和城乡居民的生存基础的情况，指出21世纪中国乡村发展相当迫切而艰巨；在可持续发展思想的框架下，提出了长期性管理策略，即类型管理、目标管理、乡村制度性投入的管理模式，并考虑了实现乡村可持续发展的制度创新与保障问题；随后针对乡村发展管理，构想了实施对策：即，1）积极推进城市化，缩减乡村人口总量；2）开展农业行业标准的制定和修订工作；3）推进乡村产业的科技创新步伐；4）强化生态环境观念，实行空间开发管制、尤其是生态脆弱地区。此外还需强调环境教育机制和广泛的公众参与机制。

CHALLENGES CONFRONTED WITH RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT TACTICS IN CHINA

The article analyzes the serious challenging issues with which our rural development currently confronts, such as stagnant non-agricultural process, and expanding disparity between rural and urban, especially the situation in which rural ecological damage and environment pollution endanger the safety of agricultural production and living basis for whole residents. It points out that Chinese rural development in 21st century will be very imperative and arduous. Based on the sustainable development thoughts, the paper puts forward long-term management tactics: namely, the management modes of type management, objective management and rural input with regulations. The issue of regime innovation and guarantee is also taken into account. Then aimed at the management for rural development, the implementing countermeasures are conceived, namely, 1)actively promoting urbanization, reducing rural population; 2)laying down the agricultural industry criteria; 3)pushing on the science-tech innovation of rural industry;4) strengthening ecological awareness, carrying out the spatial exploitation control, especially for ecological fragile area. Besides the mechanism of environment education and extensive public participation are also emphasized.