干旱灾害对江西省农业生产的影响及其对策

江西是农业大省，是国家重要的粮食主产区。近10 a来江西省干旱发生频繁，导致农业生产损失严重，威胁到农业的可持续发展。基于历史文献与资料，结合江西省农业厅的农业灾情调查数据和干旱指数最高的星子县、都昌县调研数据，着力分析近10 a来江西省的干旱状况及其对农作物生产的影响，探讨农业干旱灾害的成因。研究结果表明:江西干旱灾害以秋旱为主，近10 a年对江西的粮食和棉花生产造成重大损失，尤其是鄱阳湖区地区；江西农业干旱灾害的主要成因包括降水分布不均匀、红壤持水能力低、水利设施年久失修、植被结构破坏和易改变水文过程的大型水利设施建设。最后针对农业干旱灾害的主要成因，提出了减轻干旱灾害对农业生产不利影响的对策

INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT DISASTER ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN JIANGXI PROVINCE AND ITS PROTECTIVE COUNTERMEASURES

Agriculture is the main industry of Jiangxi Province,and Jaingxi Province is the important base of food and cotton production in China.Heavy drought happened frequently in the last ten years,and it caused huge loss of agriculture production and damaged the sustainable development of agriculture.This paper collected and analyzed the relative references and the date of agricultural disaster from Jiangxi Agriculture Department,combining with the filed survey on agricultural disaster in Duchang and Xingzi County with the high drought index.The influence of drought on agriculture development of Jiangxi Province was discussed and the driving forces of agricultural drought disaster were assessed.The results showed that the drought stress frequently happened in autumn and decreased food and cotton production of Jiangxi Province,especially in Poyang Lake area.The forces driving agricultural drought disaster included uneven distribution of precipitation,red soil with low water holding capacity,old irrigation and water conservation facility not working efficiently,destroyed plant pattern conserving water and building large water conservancy facility liable to chang hydrological process.In the last,based on the above mentioned driving forces,this paper suggested the integrated and effective countermeasure to alleviating agricultural drought disaster.