鱼类游泳能力研究进展

对鱼类游泳能力及其游泳状态下的生态行为研究,可以为水利水电工程过鱼、拦鱼和诱鱼等设施的设计提供依据,保证其水电工程储能设施能够发挥较大的功能。对鱼类的游泳类型及游泳能力的评价指标进行了总结,介绍了目前国内外鱼类游泳能力及行为的研究方法,并和自行设计的鱼类游泳能力装置进行了比较;从洄游鱼道设计的角度,综述了国外已有的鱼类游泳能力评价模型,主要包括最优游泳速度模型,最大游泳速度模型,跳跃高度模型及游泳耐力模型,可为鱼道设计提供关键参数。最后简述了鱼类游泳能力在鱼道设计的应用及主要的研究趋势,旨在为鱼类游泳能力相关研究及水利水电过鱼设施的设计与建设提供一定基础资料,从而促进我国生态系统的平衡和物种多样化的保护。

RESEARCH ADVANCES ON FISH SWIMMING CAPABILITY

Fish swimming capability and ecological behavior studies can be used as essential parameters for the design of fish passage facilities that would make the hydropower project play bigger function.This paper summarized the fish swimming classification and evaluation index for the fish swimming capability,and introduced the research methods for the fish swimming performance.The research methods were also compared with the self-designed instrument.Aiming at the fishway design,paper reviewed the abroad research achievements of evaluation models including optimum swimming speed model,maximum swimming speed model,jump height model and swimming endurance model etc.Finally,the applications of fish swimming capability in fishway design were described and research trend of fish swimming capability was prospected.This provides some basic reference for the design of fish passage facilities in hydroelectric power project and promotes the balance of ecosystem and protection of species diversification.