川中丘陵区柏木边坡防护林对相邻农田大型土壤动物群落的影响

为了研究川中丘陵区柏木(Cupressus funebris)边坡防护林对相邻农田中大型土壤动物群落的影响,分别以油菜(Brassica campestris L.)地和玉米(Zea mays L.)地为研究样地,分别调查了有边坡防护林和无边坡防护林农田的大型土壤动物类群数、密度、多样性和生物量。结果显示:共捕获大型土壤动物4 525只,隶属3门8纲18目25科。优势类群为正蚓科、蚁科、链胃蚓科和地幺蚣科,常见类群为铗科、蟋蟀总科、地蜈蚣科、大赤螨科、狼蛛科和跳蛛科。有边坡防护林的农田大型土壤动物类群数、密度、多样性指数和生物量均明显高于无边坡防护林农田(P0.05)。距边坡防护林5 m处的大型土壤动物类群数、密度、多样性指数明显低于0 m处(P0.05)。对大型土壤动物进行功能群划分后发现,边坡防护林明显增加了植食性、捕食性和腐食性土壤动物数量,对杂食性大型土壤动物数量影响不明显。结果表明川中丘陵区柏木边坡防护林促进了相邻农田大型土壤动物群落的发展,但随着距离的增加其对农田大型土壤动物群落的影响逐渐减弱。

EFFECTS OF CYPRESS SLOPE SHELTERBELT ON SOIL MACROFAUNA COMMUNITIES IN ADJACENT CROP FIELD IN HILLY AREA OF CENTRAL SICHUAN BASIN

In order to reveal the effects of cypress slope shelterbelts on soil macrofauna communities in adjacent crop field, rape field and maize field were selected as the study sites, and soil macrofauna class group, density, diversity and biomass were investigated in slope shelterbelt fields and no slope shelterbelt fields, respectively. The results showed that total 4525 soil macrofauna were captured, which belonged to 3 phylum, 8 class, 18 order and 25 family. The dominant families were Lumbricidae, Formicidae, Moniligastridae and Geophilellidae. The ordinary families were Japygidae, Grylloidea, Geophilidae, Anystidae, Lycosidae and Salticidae. Family number, density, diversity index and biomass of soil macrofauna in slope shelterbelt fields were significantly higher than that in no slope shelterbelt fields (P<0.05). Furthermore, family number, density, diversity index of soil macrofauna in 5m were obviously lower than that in 0m to shelterbelt (P<0.05). Finally, the density of herbivore, predator and detritivore also increased in near slope shelterbelt fields. The influence, however, on density of omnivore were not obvious. The results indicated that cypress slope shelterbelts promoted the development of soil macrofauna in adjacent crop fields. Nevertheless, the influence to soil macrofauna was declined with the increase of distance to shelterbelts.