鄱阳湖典型湿地生态环境脆弱性评价及压力分析

采用理论研究与实地调查、定性和定量相结合的研究方法，建立了完整的鄱阳湖典型湿地生态环境脆弱性评价指标体系，并运用模糊数学的方法对鄱阳湖湿地生态环境脆弱性进行评价。结果表明，鄱阳湖典型湿地生态环境脆弱性为0768，属于轻度脆弱状态；在亚类指标中，生态特征脆弱状态为0732，处于轻度脆弱状态，整体功能脆弱状态为0868，处于微脆弱状态，社会环境脆弱状态为0668，处于轻度脆弱状态。通过压力分析，发现影响鄱阳湖典型湿地生态环境脆弱性的制约因素主要是外部社会环境因素，主要包括围垦、不当的消灭血吸虫病措施、经济贫困与落后的生产生活方式以及亟待加强的湿地管理体制。

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND PRESSURE ANALYSIS ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF TYPICAL WETLAND IN POYANG LAKE

The paper dealt with the ecological vulnerability of typical wetland. In terms of purpose, integri- ty, dominance,dynamic and relevant principles,a completely assessment index system of ecological vulnera- bility on typical wetland of Poyang Lake was established. These indices could be divided into three kinds of sub-category:wetland ecological feature, wetland overall function and wetland social environment. By con- sulting expert advices,evaluation criteria were determined, the target weight was identified, and weight vec- tor was established;then a multi-level integrated fuzzy assessing model was established by constructing af- filiation matrix of qualitative evaluation indicators. Finally,the ecological environment vulnerability of typi- cal wetland in Poyang Lake was assessed. The results indicates that vulnerability value of typical wetland ecological environment is 0. 768,in a light fragile state. In the sub-category, the vulnerability value of eco- logical environment of wetland is 0. 732,in a light fragile state. The vulnerability value of wetland overall function is 0. 868, in a little fragile state. And the vulnerability value of wetland social environment is 0. 668, also in a light fragile state. The pressure mainly came from the socioeconomic environment,including inning and withdrawing farmland to lake, undesirable prevention measures of schistosomiasis, poverty, management system.