流域水资源管理中政府角色与各国经验借鉴

以流域为单元进行水资源综合管理已经成为学术界和各国政府的共识，我国流域水资源管理面临的严峻形势，要求尽快建立行之有效的管理体系。首先归纳了流域水资源管理的四大目标，探讨政府在其中的角色，即水安全保障需政府主导、高效配置需政府协调、公平分配需制度保障、可持续利用需政府调控；然后通过比较各国实践，总结了适用于我国的经验：（1）完善立法是推动流域水资源管理的核心步骤；（2）建立利益主体间的协调机制是提高管理效率的关键前提；（3）灵活的水价政策是平衡公平与效率的重要手段；（4）促进公众参与能提高管理有效性，也是未来发展的重要趋势。最后从这4个方面提出了完善我国流域水资源管理体系的具体建议

ROLES OF GOVERNMENT IN BASIN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND SUCCESSFUL EXPERIENCE FROM OTHER COUNTRIES

The mode of implementing integrated water resources management in the unit of river basin has become consensus of academy and governments.To the serious condition in basin water resources management in China,we should establish effective management system as quickly as possible.In this study,four main goals from the needs of society and economy were generalized,and the role of government in basin water resources management was discussed,including water security demanding the guidance of the government,the efficiency of allocation demanding the coordination by the government,the equitability of distribution demanding to be guaranteed institutionally,and the sustainable utilization demanding the government regulation.Then by comparing the administrative practice in other countries,some applicable experiences were generalized as follows.(1) Improving legislation is the central step to promote basin water resources management.(2) Establishing efficient coordination mechanism among different stakeholders is the essential precondition to improve the efficiency of management.(3) Maintaining enough flexibility in water pricing policies is an important approach to balance the equity and efficiency.(4) Impelling the public participation can enhance the efficiency of management,and it is the major trend in basin water resources management.At last,some concrete suggestions are proposed to complete the management system of basin water resources from these areas.