长江流域常量元素的分布特征

2003年4月到5月对长江干流及主要支流河水中常量元素（Ca ²⁺，K⁺，Na⁺，Mg²⁺，Cl^-，SO^2-₄及碱度）进行了测定，并对常量元素的含量及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明，长江阳离子以钙为主，占阳离子总量的40%~80%；而阴离子主要为HCO^-₃，占阴离子总量的60%~90%；阴阳离子含量顺序为HCO^-₃>SO^2-₄>Cl^-，Ca ²⁺>Na⁺ >Mg ²⁺>K⁺。长江干流及主要支流河水的常量离子主要来自于岩石的风化，主要受碳酸盐类溶解的控制，硅酸盐类的风化过程较弱。而大气沉降的影响很小，只有SO^2-₄受大气沉降影响较大。长江干流的Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、HCO^-₃和Cl^-主要来自于上游，下游只是对上游的简单稀释，而没有额外来源。与世界上其它大河相比，长江的常量离子浓度处于较高的水平；温带地区的河流河水中常量离子的含量常处于较高的水平；热带地区的河流河水中常量离子的含量相对较低。

DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MAJOR ELEMENT IN THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

The chemistry of major elements(Ca,K,Na,Mg,Cl-,SO2-4 and alkalinity) from the Changjiang River was examined with data obtained from the main stream and its main tributaries in April 2003.HCO-3 was the most abundant anion of the Changjiang River and account for 60%~90% of total anion,concentrations of anions follows the order HCO-3>SO2-4>Cl-.Among the cations,Ca2+ was predominant and account for 40%~80% of total cation.Concentrations of cations vary in the order Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+.Weathering and erosion were p...