长江三角洲城市间环境公平性研究

定义了环境公平性包括基于自然资源禀赋的环境公平性及基于经济产出的环境公平性。为表征基于自然资源禀赋的环境公平性，构造并计算了长江三角洲（简称长三角）各地环境压力指数。为表征经济产出的环境公平性，构造了环境基尼系数与绿色贡献系数。根据2004年环境经济发展水平及污染排放数据（COD与SO2排放量），计算了长三角各地级市的环境压力与基于GDP的COD与SO2环境基尼系数与各地的绿色贡献系数。借助分层聚类分析，得出以下结论：（1）从基于自然资源禀赋的环境公平性上讲，上海面临的环境压力最高，江苏省城市较浙江省高；（2）从基于经济产出的环境公平性上讲，长三角地区基于GDP的COD、SO2环境基尼系数分别为017与013，相较全国，长三角实现了更高发展水平上的均衡；（3）在长三角内部比较，镇江、泰州等部分城市COD、SO2排放的生态效率仍需进一步提高。最后指出：在区域层面上合理分布区域环境压力，在比较中提高各地生态效率是推动长三角环境保护发展、促进长三角环境保护一体化的重要举措。

STUDY ON URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL EQUALITY OF THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA

In this paper,environmental equality includes both, one is based on natural resource endowment and another is based on economic output.The environmental pressure indicator was constructed to express the former one while the environmental Gini-coefficient and green contribution coefficient were constructed to present the latter one.According to the data of the economic development level and pollution discharge of 2004,the environmental pressure indicators,the environmental Gini-coefficients and green contribution coefficients were calculated based on COD and SO_2 discharge of each cities in the Yangtze River Delta.According to the hierarchical cluster analysis,the conclusions are:1) According to the environmental equality based on natural resource endowment,Shanghai faces the highest environmental pressure,and,the cities of Jiangsu Province face higher pressures than those of Zhejiang.2) According to the environmental equality based on economic output,the environmental Gini-coefficient and green contribution coefficient of COD and SO_2 discharge within the Yangtze River Delta is 0.17 and 0.13 respectively.Compared to that of the whole country,the Yangtze River Delta realizes the higher level equilibrium and 3) Within the Yangtze River Delta,the eco-efficiencies of Zhengjiang and Taizhou are relatively lower and need more improvement.Finally,authors suggest that environmental pressures should be reasonably distributed on the regional level and the eco-efficiencies should be raised through sustainable comparisons, therefore the environmental protection integration of the Yangtze River Delta could be achieved.