长江三角洲城市群工业用水效率评价及时空差异研究

在水资源约束趋紧的背景下，选取长江三角洲城市群中26个城市2005~2014年的面板数据，运用SBM模型对工业用水效率进行测算，并基于可分解的泰尔指数分析长江三角洲城市群内部工业用水效率的空间差异。结果显示：（1）长江三角洲城市群工业用水效率水平整体偏低，在不考虑与考虑非期望产出的情况下，工业用水效率10a平均值分别为 0.591 8.和 0.519 7;（2）工业用水效率的地区内部差异是造成总差异的主要部分，并且有随时间递增的趋势，其中安徽省对于地区内部差异的贡献率最大，其次为浙江省，江苏省贡献率最低;（3）江苏省各城市工业用水效率虽然差异不大但整体水平较低，而上海市工业用水效率较高并处于稳步上升状态。因此，缩小地区内部差异是实现长江三角洲城市群工业用水效率整体上升的重要途径。

Efficiency evaluation for Industrial Water Use and Analysis of the Spatio Temporal Differences in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration

In the context of tightening constraints on water resources, the panel data from 2005 to 2014 of 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration is adopted, and SBM model is used to measure the industrial water use efficiency in this region. Then, the spatial differences of the industrial water use efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration are analyzed by the decomposable Theil index. The results show that the industrial water use efficiency level of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration is low: the 10 years average industrial water use efficiency is 0591 8 when the undesirable outputs are not considered, and it is 0519 7 when the undesirable outputs are added. The within group difference of industrial water use efficiency is the main source of the total difference and it has the trend of increasing with time. The contribution rate of Zhejiang Province to the within group difference is the largest, followed by Anhui Province, and Jiangsu Province has the lowest contribution rate. Although the differences of industrial water use efficiency between the cities in Jiangsu Province is not very big, the overall level is still low, Shanghai’s industrial water use efficiency is a little higher and on a steady rise. Therefore, narrowing the within group differences is an important way to realize the overall increase of industrial water efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration