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上海崇明岛近三年PM_(2.5)浓度变化特征与气象条件的关系
引用本文:顾凯华,史红仙,张帅,樊曙先,许建明,谈建国.上海崇明岛近三年PM_(2.5)浓度变化特征与气象条件的关系[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(12):2108-2116.
作者姓名:顾凯华  史红仙  张帅  樊曙先  许建明  谈建国
作者单位:1. 上海市崇明县气象局, 上海 202150;2. 上海台风研究所, 上海 200030;3. 南京信息工程大学大气物理学院, 江苏 南京 210044;4. 上海市城市环境气象中心, 上海 200135;5. 上海市气象科学研究所, 上海 200030
基金项目:上海市气象局科技研究课题项目资助(QM201414)
摘    要:利用2011年1月~2014年2月上海崇明岛地区颗粒物(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10))的连续监测资料,研究了PM_(2.5)总体分布、季节变化、日变化及浓度频率分布规律,初步分析了逆温、相对湿度、风向风速等气象要素对颗粒物浓度的影响。结果表明:2011~2013年该地区PM_(2.5)平均值分别为24.7,33.6和28.3μg/m~3,均低于PM2.5的年平均浓度限值35μg/m~3,细粒子污染程度较轻。PM_(2.5)浓度日变化幅度不大,呈微弱的单峰型分布,9∶00左右达到一天中的最大值,15∶00左右达到最小值。PM_(2.5)浓度的季节分布特征明显,呈现出冬季春季秋季夏季,一般情况下5月份PM_(2.5)月均浓度值最高,8月份浓度最低。PM_(2.5)日平均浓度有57.9%达到国家空气质量一级标准,有93.4%达到国家空气质量二级标准,超标率为6.6%。对PM_(2.5)与各气象要素进行分析后发现:PM_(2.5)质量浓度在逆温层结稳定、风速小、高湿以及近地面盛行西北到西风这样的静稳天气条件配合高空西北方向上的外来污染物输送,容易造成高浓度的PM_(2.5)污染。

关 键 词:崇明岛  PM2.5  浓度  气象条件  

VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF PM2.5 LEVELS AND THE INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON CHONGMING ISLAND IN SHANGHAI
GU Kai-hua,SHI Hong-xian,ZHANG Shuai,FAN Shu-xian,XU Jian-ming,Tan Jian-guo.VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF PM2.5 LEVELS AND THE INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON CHONGMING ISLAND IN SHANGHAI[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtza Basin,2015,24(12):2108-2116.
Authors:GU Kai-hua  SHI Hong-xian  ZHANG Shuai  FAN Shu-xian  XU Jian-ming  Tan Jian-guo
Institution:1. Shanghai Chongming Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 202150, China;2. Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA 200030, China;3. School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;4. Shanghai Center for Urban Environmental Meteorology, Shanghai 200135, China;5.Shanghai Institute of Meteorological Science Research, Shanghai 200030, China
Abstract:Data of Particulate matter (PM2.5) in Chongming Island area from January 2011 to February 2014 were used to study the distribution, seasonal variation, diurnal variation of PM2.5 and their influencing factors. The effects of inversion, relative humidity, wind and other meteorological factors were included. The results showed that the average concentration of PM2.5 during the last three years (2011-2013) were 24.7 μg/m3, 33.6 μg/m3 and 28.3 μg/m3, respectively, all lower than the limit annual averageof 35 μg/m3, indicating relative light pollution of fine particles. The PM2.5 concentration varied little within one day, showing somewhat a unimodal distribution, and reaching the maximum at about 9:00 and the minimum at about 15:00. The seasonal variation of PM2.5 concentration was significant, showing winter >spring >autumn >summer. The monthly average PM2.5 concentration reached the maximum in May, and the minimum in August. 57.9% of the daily average concentration reached the first class of the national air quality standard, 93.4% reach the second class, and 6.6% exceed the limit of the national standard. Further analysis related to meteorological elements found that: it is easy to cause high concentrations of PM2.5 pollution when static and stable weather with the stable inversion layer knot, low wind speed, high humidity, northwest to west wind near the ground happens with contaminant transport from the northwest in the high altitude.
Keywords:Chongming island  PM2  5  the level of concentration  meteorological conditions
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