上海滨岸潮滩生物多样性及其利用与保护

滨岸潮滩是海岸带的重要组成部分和主要的地理景观，具有多种环境功能和生态价值，对沿海地区的经济发展起着重要的作用；同时滨岸潮滩又是一个环境脆弱带和敏感区，极易受人为活动的干扰和破坏。生物多样性是人类生存和经济得以持续发展的基础。滨岸潮滩是生物多样性最为丰富的生态系统之一。通过对上海滨岸潮滩生物多样性影响因素的调查与分析，研究了目前人类活动对滨岸潮滩生物多样性造成的严重威胁，污水的排放使滨岸潮滩 质和底质严重污染，对滨岸潮滩珠围垦改变 了潮 滩珠自然本底状态，造成潮滩物生长发育和栖息的环境受到破坏，影响滨岸潮滩物多样性。指出滨岸潮滩等方面的社会与环境价值，并探讨了上海滨岸带开发与滨岸潮滩物多样性的保护和利用问题。

BIODIVERSITY IN TIDAL FLATS OF SHANGHAI COAST WITH CONSIDERATION OF, ITS UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION

Tidal flat, which may have many environmental functions andecological value, is an important part of coast and main landscape. It is environmentally vulnerable and sensitive, and can be easily interfered and damaged by human activities. The biodiversity in tidal flats of the coastal zone is quite aboundant and may serve as the basis for human existence and economic development.Based on the investigation and analysis on factors influencing the biodiversity, it is revealed that the biodiversity in the Shanghai coast has been seriously influenced by human activities. Sewages discharged in the near-shore area have caused serious pollution of the water and the sediment in tidal flats. On the other hand, reclamation has changed the natural process of tidal flats. The growth and development of organisms, the habitats and the overall biodiversity in tidal flats are thus subject to considerable variation. It is indicated that the biodiversity in tidal flats may have very important social and environmental values in the control of contamination, in the utilization of coastal zone land, and also in the scientific research and eductation, as well as the values in tour and recreation. The significant problems in the development of Shanghai coast, and the issues for the utilization and conservation of the biodiversity in the tidal flats have been discussed.