中国生态效率的区域差异及影响因素——基于时空差异视角的实证分析

“生态效率”这一概念同时将环境绩效和经济绩效内涵于其中，符合生态文明建设和可持续发展的科学理念。基于2004~2014年我国30个省级经济单元的面板数据，通过构建区域生态效率评价模型，运用探索性空间统计分析方法，实证测算并分析了我国区域生态效率的时空关联及集聚特征，研究了生态效率变动的驱动因素。结果表明：(1)我国生态效率区域差异显著，生态效率呈现“东—中—西—东北”的梯度递减格局。(2)区域生态效率呈现显著的正的空间相关与集聚特征，近地缘的各省域生态效率相互影响，空间扩散效应显著；忽视区域差异与空间因素，在理论上存在严重不足，也与现实不符。(3)经济发展水平、环境规制、结构变动、对外开放和城市化水平等因素，都会对生态效率变动产生显著影响。提高区域生态效率，中西部落后地区是重点，也是难点。

Regional Differentials and Influence Factors of Eco-efficiency in China: an Empirical Analysis Based on the Perspective of Spatio-temporal Differences

The concept of eco-efficiency integrates environmental performance with economic performance, which is in accord with ecological civilization construction and sustainable development strategy. Based on the panel data of 30 provincial economic units in China from 2004 to 2014,this article focused on the empirical estimation and the analysis of spatio-temporal correlation and spatial agglomeration of eco-efficiency through constructing a regional eco-efficiency evaluation model and exploratory spatial statistical analysis method. The driving factors in eco-efficiency evolution were also analyzed. The results show that, (1) Regional differentials of eco-efficiency are significant in China and shows a gradient descending pattern of "East, Middle, West and Northeast"; (2) Regional eco-efficiency shows the characteristics of significant positive spatial correlation and spatial agglomeration. The eco-efficiency of adjacent provinces affects each other, which implies that the spatial diffusion effects are remarkable. Hence, regional differentials and spatial factors cannot be ignored both in theory and in reality. (3) Factors, such as economic development level, environmental regulation, structural changes, open door policies and urbanization level, all significantly affect eco-efficiency. In order to improve the regional eco-efficiency in China, we should focus on the backward areas in the central and western regions.