基于农户视角的秸秆机械化 还田服务绩效评价及其障碍因子诊断——来自冀、鲁、皖、鄂四省的调查

农户是秸秆机械化还田服务的直接受益者，从农户视角来评价秸秆还田服务绩效水平，并诊断其可能的障碍因子，可为提高秸秆还田服务绩效提供决策依据。从秸秆还田服务过程和秸秆还田服务结果两个阶段、农户经济人属性和社会人属性两个方面构建秸秆机械化还田服务绩效评价指标体系，采用基于熵权改进的TOPSIS法和障碍度模型，通过对冀、鲁、皖、鄂四省农户的问卷调查，评价秸秆机械化还田服务绩效水平及障碍因子。结果显示：山东省秸秆机械化还田服务绩效水平为“优秀”，河北省的绩效水平“一般”，湖北省和安徽省绩效水平“较差”。秸秆机械化还田服务绩效水平最重要的影响因素是农户对秸秆机械化还田结果的评价，其次是还田过程阶段的评价；影响秸秆机械化还田服务绩效水平的主要因子为还田服务后社会发展情况、耕地病虫害情况、还田政策补贴及还田后耕地熵情的评价。为此，提高秸秆机械化还田服务的绩效水平，加强对秸秆机械化还田服务的宣传推广，积极完善秸秆机械化还田补贴等政策措施，提高还田后配套化设施及服务供给，应是当前政策关注的重心。

A Evaluation of Mechanized Straw Returning Service Performance and Its Obstacle Indicators Based on Famers’Perspective:Based on the Investigation of Hebei,Shandong, Anhui and Hubei Provinces in Four Provinces

The farmers are the ultimate beneficiaries of Mechanized Straw Returning service(MSRS).Evaluating MSRS performance based on farmers’perspectives and the diagnosis method of obstacle indicators can provide a basis for improving MSRS performance. Here,an evaluation index was built using the economic man attribute and social human attribute of famers,and the service process stage and service results stage based on farmers’perspectives.Based on entropy weight improved TOPSIS method and obstacle degree model, through the questionnaire survey of farmers in Hebei, Shandong, Anhui and Hubei provinces, the paper evaluated the performance level and obstacle factors of Mechanized Straw Returning service performance in four provinces.The results show that the performance level of Mechanized Straw Returning service in Shandong province is”excellent”, the performance level of Hebei province is”general”, and the performance level of Hubei province and Anhui province is “poor”.The most important factor affecting the service performance of Mechanized Straw Returning is the farmers'evaluation of MSRS results stage, followed by farmers’ evaluation of the MSRS process stage;The main factors affecting the service performance level of Mechanized Straw Returning are the social development after straw returning, the situation of farmland diseases and insect pests, the evaluation of subsidy policy for straw returning,and the entropy situation of cultivated land after straw returning.Therefore, in order to improve the overall level of Mechanized Straw Returning service, strengthening propaganda and popularization of MSRS, improving the Mechanized Straw Returning subsidies and other policies and measures,improving the supporting facilities and service supply after straw returning, should be the focus of the current policy.