禀赋特征、外部性与农业生产集聚:基于全国31省的证据

在农业资源不断匮乏背景下，我国农业表现出生产集聚现象，从集聚效应视角看，农业生产集聚的形成是资源禀赋、外部性因素互相作用的结果。本文系统梳理了资源禀赋特征、外部性条件与农业生产集聚之间内在机制，并利用我国1996~2015年31省20年面板数据，通过固定效应模型和系统广义矩估计等多种研究方法进行验证，通过理论分析和回归分析发现：（1）农业资源禀赋中农业劳动力、农业资本存量、农业技术水平和耕地资源对生产集聚水平的提高具有显著的促进作用。而外部性条件中自然灾害和地形对农业生产集聚水平具有显著的制约作用。（2）从影响趋势上来看，农业耕地数量、农业技术水平对农业生产集聚水平的影响表现出“U”型发展趋势，而农业劳动力数量和农业资本存量表现出倒“U”型发现趋势。

Endowment Characteristics,Externalities and Agricultural Production Agglomeration: Evidence From 31 Provinces in China

Under the background of the shortage of agricultural resources, China’s agriculture shows the phenomenon of production agglomeration. From the perspective of agglomeration effect, the formation of agricultural production agglomeration is the result of the interaction of resource endowment and external factors. This paper systematically combs the intrinsic mechanism between resource endowment characteristics, externalities and agricultural production agglomeration, and uses panel data of 31 provinces in China from 1996 to 2015 to process empirical data by means of fixed effect model and generalized moment estimation. Through theoretical analysis and regression analysis, it is found that: (1) agricultural capital Agricultural labor force, agricultural capital stock, agricultural technology level and cultivated land resources have a significant role in promoting the level of production agglomeration. However, natural disasters and topography play a significant role in restricting the level of agricultural production. (2) From the impact of the trend, the number of agricultural land, agricultural technology level on the level of agricultural production concentration showed a “U” type of development trend. The number of agricultural labor force and agricultural capital stock showed a trend of “U”.