生态约束下的湖滨土地利用研究——以四川省仁寿县黑龙滩镇为例

生态文明体制改革下围绕土地“三位一体”管理理念，强化土地利用生态管理是当今我国土地资源管理的综合思路，研究湖滨生态敏感区土地利用具有重要的生态价值和现实意义。以四川省仁寿县黑龙滩镇为实证研究区，通过构建数理量化模型和经济计量模型分析了2005~2015年间研究区湖滨土地利用状况，并差别化探讨了湖滨土地利用优化模式，提出了相关政策建议。研究表明:(1)黑龙滩镇湖滨土地利用多样化系数和均衡度在时序上变幅较小，在空间上低于全县平均水平，但总体上处于均衡状态。(2)黑龙滩镇湖滨土地利用生态安全总体为波动上升趋势，以2012年为拐点，安全状态由较安全向安全阶段转变，总体呈较安全状态。(3)黑龙滩镇湖滨土地利用生态安全主要受种植结构优化合理度、人口密度、地均牲畜量、水环境污染负荷、水土流失占比、单位耕地农药负荷的影响，其中人口密度与预期方向相反，种植结构优化合理度具有显著的正效应，其余的综合净效应为负。(4)针对黑龙滩镇湖滨土地利用变化状况以及生态安全保护需求与区域发展趋势，差别化地提出退耕还湖与持续利用生态模式、复合农业与生态种植发展模式、休闲农业与教育体验发展模式三类湖滨土地利用模式。综上提出了加强湖滨水土资源保护、优化湖滨农业结构布局和规范湖滨管理的政策建议。

Study on Lakeside Land Use under Ecological Constraints: A Case Study of Heilongtan Town in Renshou County,Sichuan Province

Around the trinity idea of land management under the reform of ecological civilization system to enhance the ecological management of land use,which is the comprehensive idea of land resources management in China now.And it has vital ecological value and practical significance for studying land use in lakeside ecological sensitive area.This paper took Heilongtan town in Renshou county,Sichuan province as study area,and built mathematical quantification model and econometric model to analyze the current situation of lakeside land use in Heilongtan town in 2005-2015.And differently discussed the optimization models of lakeside land use and proposes the policies and suggestions.Results showed:(1) the result of lakeside land use diversification factor and equilibrium degree in Heilongtan town was that the amplitude was small in time and it was lower than the county average in space , but,in general, it was in a state of equilibrium. (2)the result of the ecological security state of lakeside land use in Heilongtan town was that,on the whole, the evolution trend of fluctuation and take 2012 as a turning point that the security state changes from the safer stage to the safe stage and it’s totally in a safer state.(3)the influencing factors of lakeside land use ecological security state in Heilongtan town include optimization of planting structure,population density,land average livestock volume,water environmental pollution load,soil and water loss ratio,pesticide load in unit cultivated land. The population density was opposite to the expected direction,the optimization of planting structure had obvious positive effects,and the rest of the comprehensive net effect was negative.(4)Based on the change status and ecological security protection demand of lakeside land use in Heilongtan town and its development tend, there were three development models of lakeside land use were put forward that include the ecological model of returning farmland to lake and sustainable use ,the development model of compound agriculture and ecological planting,the development model of leisure agriculture and educational experience.Based on this, some policies and suggestions such as strengthen the protection of the lakeside water and soil resources, optimize the structural layout of the lakeside agriculture and regulate the management of the lakeside are proposed.