淮海经济区城市用地全要素生产率综合评价与影响因素研究

基于Malmquist指数与收敛性分析对淮海经济区城市用地全要素生产率（TFP）进行综合评价，在此基础上构建Tobit模型研究城市用地TFP及分解效率影响因素。结果显示：(1）2006~2015年城市用地TFP均值在［0.933,1.107］之间波动，年均增长1.9%，技术进步和技术效率均有贡献，但技术进步贡献大，是主要驱动力。(2）城市用地TFP存在σ收敛与绝对β收敛，不存在条件β收敛。提升土地市场化水平能够促进城市用地TFP趋向自身稳态水平，而城市用地空间结构对此具有抑制作用；(3）各因素对城市用地TFP及分解效率影响不同。人口密度对技术效率具有促进作用，城市空间结构对技术效率与技术进步具有抑制作用；外商投资对技术进步与全要素生产率具有抑制作用，而土地市场化水平对其具有促进作用。研究指出促进技术创新与进步，提高土地市场化水平及改善人地关系，规避外商投资风险与优化城市用地空间结构能提升城市用地全要素生产率。

Comprehensive Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Urban Land Utilization Total Factor Productivity in Huaihai Economic Zone

Based on the Malmquist index and the convergence analysis, this paper made a comprehensive evaluation on the total factor productivity (TFP) of urban land use in prefecture-level cities of the Huaihai Economic Zone in 2006-2015. Then, a Tobit model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of TFP and its decomposition efficiency. The results are as follows: (1）The average TFP of urban land use in Huaihai economic zone fluctuated between 0.933 and 1.107 from 2006 to 2015, with an average annual growth rate of 1.9%. Both technological progress and efficiency had contributions to the TFP of urban land use, and technological progress had bigger contribution, thus it is the main driving force. From the spatial perspective, the TFP of urban land use in 16 cities increased while that in other cities decreased. In these cities, the TFP of urban land use in Shangqiu increased fastest, with an average annual increase of 7.9%, while the TFP of urban land use in Kaifeng declined fastest with an average annual rate of 7.5%. (2)The convergence results show that the TFP of urban land use has the σ convergence and absolute β convergence, however, there is no relative convergent in β condition. Meanwhile, improvement on the level of land marketization can promote the TFP of urban land toward its steady state level, but the spatial structure of urban land has an inhibitory effect on it. （3)As for the influencing factors, different factors have different influences on the TFP and its decomposition efficiency. For example, population density has positive effects on the technical efficiency, while the urban spatial structure has an inhibitory effect on both the technical efficiency and the technological progress. The foreign investment has an inhibitory effect on TFP and the technological progress of urban land use, while the level of land marketization has a positive effect on them. It is proposed that in order to improve the efficiency of urban land use in Huaihai economic zone, it is necessary for the local governments to encourage technological innovation and to take measures to improve the technological progress at the same time. Meanwhile, the local governments should also take measures to improve the level of land marketization and the relationship between people and land, avoid the risk of foreign investment and optimize the spatial structure of urban land use.