规模经营主体综合技术效率差异及影响因素——以江苏省水稻生产为例

推动以新型经营主体为依托的粮食规模经营是实现中国乡村振兴的重要路径。基于江苏省水稻规模经营主体调查数据,运用计量分析及DEA-Tobit模型,从主体差异、要素配置、管理营销等方面,实证检验规模经营综合技术效率的差异特征及影响因素。研究表明:现阶段水稻规模经营的综合技术效率处于中等水平,分解后的纯技术效率及规模效率有待提升。规模经营带来了水稻投入成本、总收益及劳动生产率的同步上升,区域差异明显。规模差异比属性差异对综合技术效率及其分解效率的影响更为显著。家庭农场、合作社与企业对综合生产效率的影响依次上升。开展与自身能力相匹配的适度规模经营较为适宜。提高产品价格更能促进各类主体综合技术效率的提升。要素配置及管理经营能力对综合技术效率及其分解效率产生了较为显著的正效应。提高劳动力生产经验及稳定土地流转更有利于综合技术效率的改善。完善价格市场、政府引导技术推广和加大土地连片整治对各种效率的提高也起到积极作用。大力培育各类规模经营主体有助于现代农业经营体系的建立。

Differences in Comprehensive Technical Efficiency of Scale Management Organizations and Their Influencing Factors: A Case Study of Rice Production in Jiangsu Province

In order to revitalize Chinese countryside, it has become an unavoidable trend to develop new management entities of grain scale management in rural China. Based on the rice scale management organization’s questionnaire micro-survey, the DEA-Tobit model and quantitative analysis included subject diversity, factor allocation and management in Jiangsu Province, the paper analyzed the differences and influencing factors of the comprehensive technical efficiency. It was discovered that, the comprehensive production efficiency was in a medium level at the present stage. The efficiency of technology application and scale expansion needed to be improved. The scale management brought about a simultaneous increase in rice input costs，gross income and labor productivity. There were obvious regional differences of production characteristics. The results showed as follows: (1) Compared to the attribute diversity, the scale diversity had the more profound impact on the comprehensive technical efficiency and its decomposable efficiency. The impact of family farms, cooperatives and enterprises on comprehensive production efficiency has increased in turn. The moderate scale management of various entities needs to match their production capacity. Raising the price of rice products will promote the comprehensive technical efficiency of various entities. (2) The capacity of elements allocation and management had a significant positive effect on the comprehensive technical efficiency and its decomposable efficiency. In order to improve the comprehensive technical efficiency, it is critical to enhance the professional skills of labor and stabilize land transfer. (3) Taking other factors into consideration, such as improving the price market, land integration, expanding the new technology by government, and etc., they also had a positive effect on the comprehensive technical efficiency and its decomposable efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary vital to cultivate various agricultural scale operators in China, which will be helpful to establish a modern agricultural management system.